Species are listed alphabetically by family, followed by genus and species. Nomenclature follows that used by the USDA Plants Database. When necessary, clarification was sought from the Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Minnesota (Anita F. Cholewa, 2011). Species names are followed by common names, the first year observed, and the collector initials, if known.
This list was first compiled by Paul Jensen, Professor of Biology (1955-1986), and was later revised by Mark McKone, Professor of Biology and Research Supervisor of Cowling Arboretum (1987 – ). Other collectors include Nancy Braker, Arboretum Director (2007 – ), Matthew Elbert, Arboretum Manager (2008 – ), and alumni Chris Lund (’90), Charles Umbanhowar, Jr. (’85), David Heiser (’92), Patrick McIntyre (’97), Holly Pearson (’91), and Marie Schaedel (’15).
* Nonnative species or introduced from agricultural land or horticultural use
† Naturally occurring, intentionally introduced species
Unmarked species are naturally occurring
Go to Minnesota Wildflowers or USDA Plants Database for more information on specific species.
Division Pteridophyta: Vascular plants without seeds
Adiantaceae
Adiantum pedatum; Maidenhair fern. 1992 DH.
Dryopteridaceae
Athyrium filix-femina; Lady fern. 1995 PM.
Cystopteris fragilis; Fragile fern. 1996 PM.
Dryopteris carthusiana; Tooth wood-fern. 1996 PM.
Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense; Field horsetail. 1995 PM.
Equisetum laevigatum; Smooth scouring rush. 1995 PM.
Ophioglossaceae
Botrychium multifidum; Leathery grapefern.
Osmundaceae
Osmunda claytoniana; Interrupted fern. 1996 PM.
Thelypteridaceae
Thelypteris palustris; Marsh fern. 1992 CU.
Division Coniferophyta: Cone-bearing vascular plants
Cupressaceae
Juniperus virginiana; Eastern red cedar. 1987 AC.
Thuja occidentalis; Arborvitae. 2010 ME.
Pinaceae
Larix sp.; Larch. 1995 PM.
Picea glauca; White spruce. 1996 PM.
Pinus banksiana; Jack pine. 1987 AC.
Pinus resinosa; Red pine. 1987 AC.
Pinus strobus; White pine. 1987 AC.
Division Ginkgophyta: Ginkgo tree
Ginkgoaceae
*Ginkgo biloba; Maidenhair tree.
Division Magnoliophyta: Flowering vascular plants
A B C E F G H I J L M N O P R S T U V
Adoxaceae
Sambucus racemosa; Red-berried elder. 1987 AC.
*Viburnum lantana; Wayfaring tree. 1995 PM.
Viburnum lentago; Nannyberry. 1987 AC.
Viburnum opulus; Highbush cranberry. 1995 PM.
Alismataceae
Alisma triviale; Northern water-plantain. 1995 PM.
Sagittaria latifolia; Arrowhead. 1992 CU.
Alliaceae
Allium canadense; Meadow garlic. 1996 PM.
Allium stellatum; Wild onion. 1989 MM.
Allium tricoccum; Wild leek. MM 1995.
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus retroflexus; Rough pigweed. 1995 PM.
Froelichia floridana; Plains snakecotton.
Anacardiaceae
Rhus glabra; Smooth sumac. 1987 AC.
Rhus typhina; Staghorn sumac. 1987 AC.
Toxicodendron rydbergii; Poison ivy. 1987 AC.
Apiaceae
Angelica atropurpure; Purplestem angelica. 1995 PM.
Cicuta bulbifera; Bulbous water hemlock. 1992 CU.
Cryptotaenia canadensis; Honewort. 1992 DH.
†Eryngium yuccifolium; Rattlesnake master. 1990 HP.
Heracleum maximum; Cow-parsnip. 1995 PM.
Osmorhiza claytonii; Bland sweet cicely. 1992 DH.
Osmorhiza longistylis; Long-styled sweet cicely. 1992 DH.
*Pastinaca sativa; Parsnip. 1989 MM.
Sanicula marilandica; Black snakeroot. 1992 DH.
Sanicula odorata; Black snakeroot. 1992 DH.
Taenidia intergerrima; Yellow pimpernel. 1995 PM.
†Zizia aurea; Golden alexander. 1989 CL.
Zizia aptera; Meadow zizia. 2012 MM.
Apocynaceae
Apocynum androsaemifolium; Spreading dogbane. 1996 PM.
Apocynum cannabinum; Hemp-dogbane. 1995 PM.
Asclepias exaltata; Tall milkweed. 1989 MM.
†Asclepias incarnata; Swamp milkweed. 1992 CU.
†Asclepias syriaca; Common milkweed. 1989 CL.
†Asclepias tuberosa; Butterfly milkweed. 1989 MM.
†Asclepias verticillata; Whorled milkweed. 1989 CL.
Araceae
Arisaema triphyllum; Jack-in-the-pulpit. 1992 DH.
Lemna minor; Lesser duckweed. 1995 MM.
Araliaceae
Aralia nudicaulis; Wild sarsaparilla. 1992 DH.
*Eleutherococcus senticosus; Siberian ginseng. 2010 NB.
*Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus; (No common name). 2016 NB.
Aristolochiaceae
Asarum canadensis; Wild ginger. 1992 DH.
Asparagaceae
*Asparagus officinalis; Asparagus. 1990 HP.
Asteraceae
†Achillea millefolium; Common yarrow. 1989 CL.
Ageratina altissima; White snakeroot. 1987 MM.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Common ragweed. 1989 MM.
Ambrosia coronopifolia; Western ragweed. 1995 MM.
Ambrosia trifida; Giant ragweed. 1989 MM.
Anaphalis margaritacea; Pearly everlasting. 1996 PM.
Antennaria sp.; Pussy-toes. 1989 CL.
Arctium minus; Common burdock. 1995 PM.
†Artemisia campestris; Field sagewort. 2012 MM.
†Artemesia ludoviciana; White sage. 1988 MM.
Artemesia serrata; Toothed sage. 1989 MM.
Aster ericoides; Heath aster. CL 1989.
Aster novae-angliae; New England aster. 1989 CL.
Aster oolentangiensis; Azure aster. 1989 MM.
Aster sericeus; Silky aster. 1989 MM.
Bidens cernua; Bur-marigold. 1995 PM.
Bidens vulgata; Tall beggar-ticks. 1995 PM.
†Brickellia eupatorioides; False boneset. 1989 CL.
*Carduus acanthoides; Plumeless thistle. 1989 MM.
Cirsium arvense; Canada thistle. 1995 PM.
Cirsium discolor; Field thistle. 1989 MM.
*Cirsium vulgare; Bull thistle. 1989 MM.
Conzya canadensis; Horseweed. 1989 CL.
†Coreopsis palmata; Finger coreopsis. 1989 MM.
*Crepis tectorum; Hawks beard. 1989 MM.
Cyclachaena xanthifolia; Carelessweed. 2012 MM.
*Echinacea angustifolia; Purple coneflower.
Erigeron annuus; Annual fleabane. 1995 PM.
Erigeron philadelphicius; Philadelphia fleabane. 1992 DH.
Erigeron strigosus; Daisy fleabane. 1989 MM.
Eupatorium perfoliatum; Boneset. 1992 CU.
Eupatorium purpureum; Joe-pye weed. 1995 PM.
Eutrochium maculatum; Spotted joe pye weed.
Helianthus giganteus; Swamp sunflower. 1989 MM.
†Helianthus grosseserratus; Sawtooth sunflower. 2012 MM.
Helianthus maximiliani; Maximilian sunflower. 1990 MM.
†Helianthus pauciflorus; Stiff sunflower. 1988 MM.
†Helianthus tuberosus; Jerusalem artichoke. 1988 MM.
Heliopsis helianthoides; Ox-eye. 1988 MM.
Heterotheca villosa; Golden aster. 1989 MM.
Hieracium umbellatum; Narrow-leaf Hawkweed. 2016 NB.
*Lactuca serriola; Prickly lettuce. 1989 MM.
*Leucanthemum vulgare; Ox-eye daisy. 1995 MM.
†Liatris aspera; Gayfeather. 1990 HP.
Liatris ligulistylis; Northern plains blazing star. 1989 MM.
†Liatris punctata; Blazing star. 1989 MM.
†Liatris pycnostachya; Thick-spike blazing star. 1989 MM.
†Oligoneuron rigidum; Stiff goldenrod. 1988 MM.
Parthenium intergrifolium; Wild quinine. 1989 CL.
Polymnia canadensis; Leafcup. 1989 MM.
†Ratibida pinnata; Grayhead prairie coneflower. 1988 MM.
†Rudbeckia hirta; Black-eyed susan. 1989 CL.
Rudbeckia laciniata; Cutleaf coneflower. 1987 MM.
†Silphium lacinatum; Compass plant. 1989 CL.
Silphium perfoliatum; Cup plant. 1990 HP.
Silphium terebinthinaceum; Prairie dock. 1990 CL.
Solidago altissima; Canada goldenrod. 1899 MM.
Solidago flexicaulis; Zigzag goldenrod.
Solidago gigantea; Smooth goldenrod. 1989 MM.
Solidago missourieensis; Missouri goldenrod. 1989 CL.
†Solidago nemoralis; Gray goldenrod. 1989 CL.
†Solidago speciosa; Showy goldenrod. 1989 MM.
Sonchus arvensis; Sow thistle. 1995 PM.
Symphyotrichum ericoides; White heath aster. 2012 MM.
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum; White panicle aster. 2012 MM.
Symphyotrichum laeve; Smooth blue aster. 2012 MM.
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae; New England aster. 2012 MM.
*Taraxacum officinale; Common dandelion. 2012 MM.
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium; Aromatic aster.
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense; Skyblue aster. 2012 MM.
Symphyotrichum pilosum; Hairy white oldfield aster. 2012 MM.
Symphyotrichum sericeum; Western silver aster. 2012 MM.
*Tragopogon dubius; Goat’s beard. 1989 CL.
*Tragopogon pratensis; Goat’s beard. 1989 MM.
Vernonia fasciculata; Ironweed. 1989 MM.
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens capensis; Orange jewelweed. 1995 PM.
Impatiens pallida; Yellow jewelweed. 1995 PM.
Berberidaceae
Caulophyllum thalictroides; Blue cohosh. 1992 DH.
Podophyllum peltatum; May-apple. 1992 DH.
Betulaceae
Alnus incana; Speckled alder. 2014 ME.
Betula alleghaniensis; Yellow birch. 1987 AC.
Betula papyrifera; Paper birch. 1995 PM.
Betula pumila; Bog birch. 1992 CU.
Corylus americana; American hazelnut. 1987 AC.
Ostrya virginiana; Hop hornbeam. 1987 AC.
Boraginaceae
Ellisia nyctelea; Waterpod. 1994 PM.
Hydrophyllum virginianum; Virginia waterleaf. 1989 MM.
*Cynoglossum officinale; Hound’s tongue. 1931 HS.
Hackelia virginiana; Stickseed. 1995 PM.
*Lappula squarrosa; European stickseed. 2012 MM.
Lithospermum canescens; Hoary puccoon. 1995 PM.
Lithospermum caroliniense; Carolina puccoon.
Lithospermum inisum; Narrow-leaved puccoon. 1962.
Mertensia virginica; Eastern bluebell. 1996 PM.
†Onosmodium molle; False gromwell. 1995 PM.
*Symphytum officinale; Common comfrey.
Brassicaceae
Arabis glabra; Tower mustard. 1991 MM.
Arabis hirsuta; Rock cress. 1990 HP.
Arabis shortii; Rock cress. 1995 PM.
*Barbarea vulgaris; Winter cress. 1992 DH.
*Berteroa incana; Hoary allysum. 1989 MM.
*Brassica nigra; Black mustard. 1995 PM.
*Capsella bursa-pastoris; Shepherd’s purse. 1992 DH.
Cardamine concatenata; Toothwort. 1995 PM.
Cardamine pensylvanica; Bitter cress. 1996 PM.
*Erysimum cheiranthoides; Wormseed mustard. 1995 PM.
*Hesperis matronalis; Dame’s rocket. 1989 MM.
Lepidium densiflorum; Peppergrass. 1989 MM.
*Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum; Watercress. 1995 PM.
Rorippa palustris; Bog yellow cress. 1992 MM.
Sisymbrium altissimum; Tumble mustard. 1989 MM.
*Thlaspi arvense; Field penny-cress. 1989 MM.
Campanulaceae
Campanula aparinoides; Marsh bellowflower. 1995 PM.
Campanula rapunculoides; Creeping bellflower. 1990 HP.
Campanula rotundifolia; Harebell. 1995 PM.
Campanulastrum americanum; Tall bellflower. 1989 MM.
Cannabaceae
*Cannabis sativa; Marijuana. 1990 HP.
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera dioica; Wild honeysuckle. 2009 NB.
*Lonicera tatarica; Tartarian honeysuckle. 1987 AC.
Sambucus canadensis; Common elder. 1987 AC.
Sambucus nigra; American elderberry. 2014.
Symphoricarpos occidentalis; Wolfberry. 1989 MM.
*Triosteum perfoliatum; Horse gentian. 2009 NB.
Caryophyllaceae
*Cerastium fontanum; Common mouse-ear chickweed. 2012 MM.
Cerastium nutans; Mouse-ear chickweed. 1996 PM.
*Dianthus armeria; Deptford pink. 2012 MM.
Moehringia lateriflora; Grove sandwort. 1992 DH.
Silene antirrhina; Sleepy catchfly. 1989 CL.
*Silene latifolia; White campion. 1989 CL.
*Silene latifolia ssp. alba; Bladder campion. 2012 MM.
Silene stellata; Starry campion. 1995 PM.
Celastraceae
Celastrus scandens; Bittersweet. 1995 PM.
Euonymus atropurpureus; Burning bush. 1996 PM.
Chenopodiaceae
*Chenopodium album; Lamb’s quarters. 1989 MM.
Cistaceae
Helianthemum bicknellii; Frostweed. 1995 MM.
Clusiaceae
Hypericum ascyron; Great St. John’s-wort. 1995 PM.
†Hypericum perforatum; Common St. Johnswort. 1995 PM.
†Hypericum punctatum; Spotted St. Johnswort. 2013 MM.
Colchicaceae
Uvularia grandiflora; Large bellwort. 1999 PM.
Commelinaceae
Tradescantia bracteata; Spiderwort. 1989 MM.
Convolvulaceae
Calystegia sepium; Hedge bindweed. 1990 HP.
*Convolvulus arvensis; Field bindweed. 1995 PM.
Cornaceae
Cornus alternifolia; Pagoda dogwood. 1987 AC.
Cornus amomum; Silky dogwood. 1995 PM.
Cornus racemosa; Gray dogwood. 1987 AC.
Cornus sericea; Red-osier dogwood. 1996 PM.
Cucurbitaceae
Echinocystis lobata; Wild cucumber. 1990 MM.
Sicyos angulatus; Bur cucumber. 1990 MM.
Cuscutaceae
Cuscuta gronovii; Dodder. 1987 MM.
Cyperaceae
Carex alopecoidea; Foxtail sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex amphibola; Eastern narrowleaf sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex comosa; Longhair sedge. 1992 CL.
*Carex conjuncta; Soft fox sedge. 2008 ME.
Carex gravida; Heavy sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex hitchcockiana; Hitchcock’s sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex lacustris; Hairy sedge. 1992 CL.
Carex lasiocarpa; Woollyfruit sedge. 1992 CU.
Carex muehlenbergii; Muhlenberg’s sedge. 1989 MM.
Carex pedunculata; Longstalk sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex rosea; Rosy sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex rostrata; Beaked sedge. 1992 CU.
Carex stipata; Awlfruit sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex stricta; Hummock sedge, 2016 NB.
Carex sychnocephala; Manyhead sedge. 1996 PM.
Carex vulpinoidea; Fox sedge. 1995 PM.
Cyperus sp.; Sedge. 2012 MM.
Scirpus atrovirens; Green bulrush. 1995 PM.
Scirpus cyperinus; Woolgrass. 1995 CU.
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha rhomboidea; Common threeseed mercury. 2012 MM.
Euphorbia corollata; Flowering spurge. 1989 MM.
*Euphorbia cyparissias; Cypress spurge. 1988 MM.
*Euphorbia esula; Leafy spurge. 1996 MM.
Fabaceae
†Amorpha canescens; Leadplant. 1989 CL.
Amorpha fruticosa; False indigo. 1989 MM.
Amphicarpaea bracteata; Hog-peanut. 1995 PM.
†Astragalus canadensis; Canada milk vetch. 1989 CL.
Astragalus crassicarpus; Ground plum. 1989 CL.
†Baptisia alba; Wild false indigo. 1989 MM.
*Caragana arborescens; Pea tree. 1995 PM.
†Chamaecrista fasciculata; Partridge pea. 1995 PM.
*Coronilla varia; Crown-vetch. 1996 PM.
†Dalea candida; White prairie-clover. 1989 MM.
†Dalea purpurea; Purple prairie-clover. 1989 CL.
†Dalea villosa; Silky prairie-clover. 1995 PM.
†Desmodium canadense; Canada tickleclover. 1989 MM.
Desmodium glutinosum; Tick-trefoil. 1987 MM.
*Gleditsia triacanthos; Honey locust. 2010 ME.
Gymnocladus dioicus; Kentucky coffee-tree . 1987 AC.
Lathyrus ochroleucus; Pale pea. 1992 DH.
†Lespedeza capitata; Roundhead lespedeza. 1989 CL.
Lespedeza leptostachya; Prairie bush clover.
*Lotus corniculatus; Birdsfoot trefoil. 1995 PM.
Lupinus perennis; Wild lupine. 1990 MM.
*Medicago lupulina; Black medick. 1989 MM.
*Medicago sativa; Alfalfa. 1989 MM.
*Melilotus officinalis; Sweet clover. 1989 MM.
Pediomelum esculentum; Prairie turnip. 1989 MM.
*Robinia pseudoacacia; Black locust. 2010 ME.
*Trifolium hybridum; Alsike clover. 1990 HP.
*Trifolium pratense; Red clover. 1989 MM.
*Trifolium repens; White clover. 1990 HP.
Vicia americana; American vetch. 1992 DH.
Fagaceae
Quercus alba; White oak.
Quercus ellipsoidalis; Northern pin-oak. 1987 AC.
*Quercus imbricaria; Shingle oak. 2010 ME.
Quercus macrocarpa; Bur oak. 1987 AC.
Quercus rubra; Northern red oak. 1987 AC.
Fumariaceae
Dicentra cucullaria; Dutchman’s breeches. 1992 DH.
Gentianaceae
†Gentiana alba; Plain gentian. 2012 MM.
Geraniaceae
Geranium maculatum; Wild geranium. 1992 DH.
Grossulariaceae
Ribes americanum; Wild black currant. 1987 AC.
Ribes cynosbati; Prickly gooseberry. 1995 PM.
Ribes missouriense; Missouri gooseberry. 1992 DH.
Ribes odoratum; Buffalo currant. 1995 PM.
Hyacinthaceae
*Scilla siberica; Siberian squill. 1996 PM.
Hydrangeaceae
*Philadelphus inodorus; Scentless mock orange. 1995 PM.
Iridaceae
Iris versicolor; Blue flag. 1992 CU.
Sisyrinchium campstre; Blue-eyed grass. 1995 PM.
Juglandaceae
Carya cordiformis; Hickory.
Juglans cinerea; Butternut. 1987 AC.
Juglans nigra; Black walnut. 1987 AC.
Juncus tenuis; Path rush. 1996 PM.
Lamiaceae
†Agastache foeniculum; Fragant giant hyssop. 1989 MM.
Agastache scrophulariaefolia; Purple giant hyssop. 1995 PM.
*Galeopsis tetrahit; Hemp-nettle. 1995 PM.
*Glechoma hederacea; Creeping Charlie. 1989 CL.
Hedeoma hispida; Rough pennyroyal. 1995 PM.
*Leonurus cardiaca; Motherwort. 1989 MM.
Lycopus uniflorus; Bugleweed. 1992 CU.
Mentha arvensis; Field mint. 1995 PM.
†Monarda fistulosa; Wild bergamot. 1988 MM.
*Nepeta cataria; Catnip. 1989 CL.
*Origanum vulgare; Wild marjoram. 1995 PM.
Physostegia virginiana; Virginia lionsheart. 1995 PM.
Prunella vulgaris; Self-heal. 1995 PM.
†Pycnanthemum virginianum; Mountain-mint. 1995 PM.
Scutellaria lateriflora; Mad-dog skullcap. 1992 CU.
Scutellaria ovata; Forest skullcap. 1995 PM.
Scutellaria parvula; Small skullcap. 1996 PM.
†Stachys palustris; Woundwort. 1989 MM.
Teucrium canadense; American germander. 1989 MM.
Liliaceae
Erythronium albidum; Trout lily. 1996 PM.
Lilium michiganense; Michigan lily. 1995 PM.
Lilium philadelphicum; Wood lily.
Maianthemum canadense; Wild lily-of-the-valley. 1996 PM.
Maianthemum racemosum; False Solomon’s seal. 1992 DH.
Trillium cernuum; Nodding trillium. 1997 PM.
Trillium flexipes; Bent trillium. 1998 PM.
Linaceae
†Linum sulcatum; Grooved flax. 1989 MM.
Lobeliaceae
Lobelia siphilitia; Great lobelia. 1995 PM.
Lobelia spicata; Pale-spike lobelia. 1995 PM.
Lythraceae
*Lythrum salicaria; Purple loosestrife. 1994 MM.
Malvaceae
*Abutilon theophrasti; Velvet-leaf. 1995 PM.
*Malva neglecta; Common mallow. 1992 DH.
Tilia americana; American linden. 1992 DH.
Menispermaceae
Menispermum canadense; Moonseed. 1996 PM.
Moraceae
*Morus alba; White mulberry. 1995 PM.
Morus ruba; Red Mulberry.
Myrsinaceae
Lysimachia ciliata; Fringed loosestrife. 1995 PM.
*Lysimachia nummularia; Creeping loosestrife. 1995 PM.
Lysimachia thyrsiflora; Tufted loosestrife. 1992 CU.
Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis hirsuta; Hairy four-o’clock. 1989 MM.
Mirabilis nyctaginea; Wild four-o’clock. 1995 PM.
Oleaceae
Forsythia sp.; Forsythia. 1994 PM.
Fraxinus nigra; Black ash. 2000 TS.
†Fraxinus pennsylvanica; Red ash. 1987 AC.
Onagraceae
†Calylophus serrulatus; Yellow sundrops. 2012 MM.
Circaea lutetiana; Enchanter’s nightshade. 1995 PM.
Epilobium coloratum; Willow herb. 1931 HS.
†Oenothera biennis; Common evening primrose. 1989 MM.
Oenothera clelandii; Cleland’s evening primrose. 2000 TS.
Orchidaceae
Galearis spectabilis; Showy orchid. 1992 DH.
Orobanchaceae
Castilleja sessiliflora; Downy paintbrush. 1995 PM.
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis dillenii; Gray-green wood sorrel. 1989 MM.
Oxalis stricta; Yellow wood sorrel. 1992 DH.
Papaveraceae
Sanguinaria canadensis; Bloodroot. 1989 MM.
Penthoraceae
Penthorum sedoides; Ditch stonecrop. 1992 CU.
Phrymaceae
Mimulus ringens; Allegheny monkey-flower. 1992 MM.
Plantaginaceae
Besseya bullii; Kittentail. 1995 PM.
*Linaria vulgaris; Butter-and-eggs. 1989 CL.
Lindernia dubia; False pimpernel. 1995 PM.
†Penstemon grandiflorus; Large beardtongue. 1989 MM.
*Plantago major; Common plantain. 1995 MM.
Plantago rugelii; American plantain. 1989 MM.
*Veronica anagallis-aquatica; Water speedwell. 1995 PM.
Veronica serpyllifolia; Thyme-leaved speedwell. 1995 PM.
Veronicastrum virginicum; Culver’s root. 1989 MM.
Poaceae
*Agropyron sp.; Wheatgrass. 2012 MM.
*Agrostis gigantea; Redtop. 1995 MM.
Agrostis hyemalis; Winter bentgrass. 2014 MM.
Agrostis scabra; Rough bentgrass. 2012 MM.
*Agrostis stolonifera; Creeping bentgrass. 2014 MM.
†Andropogon gerardii; Big bluestem. 1989 CL.
†Bouteloua curtipendula; Side oats grama. 1988 MM.
Brachyelytrum erectum; Shorthusk. 1987 MM.
*Bromus inermis; Smooth brome. 1989 MM.
*Bromus japonicus; Japanese brome. 1995 MM.
Bromus kalmii; Arctic brome. 1990 MM.
†Bromus latiglumis; Earlyleaf brome. 1988 MM.
Bromus pubescens; Canada brome. 1995 MM.
Calamagrostis canadensis; Bluejoint. 1992 CU.
Cenchrus longispinus; Sandbur. 1990 MM.
*Dactylis glomerata; Orchard grass. 1989 MM.
Dichanthelium oligosanthes; Heller’s rosette grass. 1989 MM.
Dichanthelium villosissimum; Whitehair rosette grass. 1995 MM.
*Digitaria ischaemum; Smooth crabgrass. 1990 MM.
*Digitaria sanguinalis; Hairy crabgrass. 1989 MM.
*Echinochloa frumentacea; Billion-dollar grass. 2012 MM.
Echinochloa muricata ; Barnyard grass. 1995 PM.
†Elymus canadensis; Canada wild rye. 1989 CL.
†Elymus hystrix; Bottlebrush grass. 1995 MM.
Elymus trachycaulus; Slender wheatgrass. 2012 MM.
†Elymus virginicus; Virginia wild rye. 1995 MM.
*Elytrigia repens; Quackgrass. 1989 CL.
*Eragrostis cilianensis; Stinkgrass. 1989 MM.
Eragrostis pectinacea; Carolina lovegrass. 1989 MM.
†Eragrostis spectabilis; Purple lovegrass. 2012 MM.
*Eriochloa villosa; Hairy cupgrass. 2012 MM.
Festuca subverticillata; Nodding fescue. 1989 MM.
*Festuca trachyphylla; Hard fescue. 1995 MM.
Glyceria grandis; Tall mannagrass. 1992 MM.
Hordeum jubatum; Foxtail barley. 1995 PM.
Koeleria macrantha; Junegrass. 1990 MM.
Leersia oryzoides; Rice cutgrass. 1992 CU.
*Lolium perenne; Perennial ryegrass. 2012 MM.
Muhlenbergia cuspidata; Plains muhly. 1989 MM.
†Muhlenbergia racemosa; Marsh muhly. 1989 MM.
Muhlenbergia schreberi; Nimblewill. 2012 MM.
Panicum capillare; Witchgrass. 1989 MM.
Panicum dichotomiflorum; Fall panicgrass. 2012 MM.
*Panicum miliaceum; Broomcorn millet. 2012 MM.
†Panicum virgatum; Switchgrass. 1989 MM.
Phalaris arundinacea; Reed canary grass. 1992 CU.
*Phleum pratense; Timothy. 1989 MM.
*Poa compressa; Canada bluegrass. 1989 MM.
Poa palustris; Fowl meadowgrass. 1992 MM.
Poa pratensis; Kentucky bluegrass. 1989 CU.
†Schizachyrium scoparium; Little bluestem. 1989 CL.
*Setaria faberi; Chinese foxtail. 1990 MM.
*Setaria glauca; Yellow foxtail. 1990 MM.
*Setaria viridis; Green foxtail. 1989 MM.
†Sorghastrum nutans; Indian grass. 1988 MM.
Spartina pectinata; Prairie covergrass. 1988 MM.
Sphenopholis obtusata; Prairie wedgegrass. 1995 MM.
Sporbolus heterolepis; Prairie dropseed. 1990 MM.
Stipa spartea; Porcupine grass. 1989 CL.
Polemoniaceae
Phlox divaricata; Blue phlox. 1992 DH.
†Phlox pilosa; Prairie phlox. 1989 CL.
Polygalaceae
Polygala senega; Seneca snakeroot. 1992 MM.
Polygonaceae
Fallopia scandens; Climbing false buckwheat. 2012 MM.
Persicaria pensylvanicum; Pennsylvania smartweed. 2012 MM.
Polygonum convlvulus; Black bindweed. 1990 MM.
Polygonum pensylvanicum; Pennsylvania smartweed. 1992 MM.
*Polygonum persicaria; Lady’s thumb. 1990 HP.
Rumex acetosella; Sheep sorrel. 1992 PM.
*Rumex crispus; Curly dock. 1989 MM.
Rumex orbiculatus; Great water dock. 1992 CU.
Portulacaceae
Claytonia virginica; Spring beauty. 1994 PM.
*Portulaca oleracea; Common purslane. 1989 MM.
Ranunculaceae
Actaea pachypoda; White baneberry.
Actaea rubra; Red baneberry. 1995 PM.
†Anemone canadensis; Canada anemone. 1995 PM.
†Anemone cylindrica; Thimbleweed. 1989 CL.
Anemone quinquefolia; Wood anemone. 1992 DH.
Aquilegia canadensis; Columbine. 1989 CL.
Caltha palustris; Marsh marigold. 1995 PM.
Clematis virginiana; Virgin’s bower. 1990 MM.
Delphinum carolinianum; Prairie larkspur. 1989 MM.
Enemion biternatum; False rue anemone. 1992 DH.
Hepatica nobilis; Hepatica. 1992 DH.
Pulsatilla patens; Eastern pasqueflower.
Ranunculus abortivus; Early wood buttercup. 1992 DH.
Ranunculus hispidus; Swamp buttercup. 1992 DH.
Ranunculus pensylvanicus; Bristly crowfoot. 1995 PM.
Ranunculus sceleratus; Cursed crowfoot. 1995 PM.
†Thalictrum dasycarpum; Tall meadow rue. 1992 PM.
Thalictrum dioicum; Early meadow rue. 1992 DH.
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus americanus; New Jersey tea. 1995 PM.
*Frangula alnus; Alder buckthorn. 1995 PM.
*Rhamnus cathartica; Buckthorn. 1987 AC.
Rosaceae
Agrimonia gryposepala; Agrimony. 1995 PM.
Carpinus caroliniana; Blue beech. 2014 ME.
Comarum palustre; Marsh cinque. 1992 CU.
Fragaria virginiana; Virginia strawberry.
Geum aleppicum; Yellow avens. 1995 PM.
Geum canadense; White avens. 1989 MM.
†Geum triflorum; Prairie smoke. 1989 CL.
Malus ioensis; Prairie crab-apple. 2014 ME.
Physocarpus opulifolius; Ninebark. 1995 PM.
†Potentilla arguta; Tall cinque. 1989 MM.
Potentilla norvegica; Strawberry weed. 1995 PM.
*Potentilla recta; Sulphur five-finger. 1989 CL.
Prunus americana; Wild plum. 1987 AC.
Prunus pensylvanica; Pin-cherry. 1992 MM.
†Prunus pumila; Sandcherry. 2013 MM.
†Prunus serotina; Black cherry. 1987 AC.
Prunus virginiana; Chokecherry. 1987 AC.
Rosa arkansana; Prairie rose.
Rosa blanda; Smooth rose. 1995 MM.
Rosa sp.; Rose. 1987 AC.
Rubus allegheniensis; Common blackberry. 1995 PM.
Rubus flagellaris; Eastern dewberry. 1995 PM.
Rubus idaeus; American red raspberry. 2012 MM.
Rubus occidentalis; Black raspberry. 1987 AC.
Sorbaria sorbifolia; False spiraea. 1987 AC.
Rubiaceae
Galium aparine; Catchweed bedstraw. 1989 MM.
Galium boreale; Northern bedstraw. 1992 DH.
Galium concinnum; Shining bedstraw. 1995 PM.
Galium tinctorium; Southern three-lobed bedstraw. 1995 PM.
Galium trifidum; Small bedstraw. 1992 CU.
Galium triflorum; Sweet-scented bedstraw. 1989 MM.
Ruscaceae
*Convallaria majalis; Lily-of-the-valley. 1996 PM.
Polygonatum biflorum; Solomon’s seal. 1989 MM.
Rutaceae
Ptelea trifoliata; Hop-tree. 1995 PM.
Zanthoxylum americanum; Common prickly ash. 1987 AC.
Salicaceae
Populus deltoides; Eastern cottonwood. 1999 TS.
Populus grandidentata; Big-toothed aspen. 1987 AC.
Populus tremuloides; Quaking aspen. 1997 PM.
Salix alba; White willow. 2014 MS.
Salix amygadaloides; Peachleaf willow. 1995 PM.
Salix discolor; Pussy willow. 1995 PM.
Salix eriocephala; Missouri willow. 1992 DH.
Salix nigra; Black willow. 1995 PM.
Santalaceae
Comandra umbellata; Bastard toadflax. 1995 PM.
Sapindaceae
*Acer ginnala; Siberian maple. 1987 AC.
†Acer negundo; Boxelder. 1987 AC.
*Acer platanoides; Norway maple. 1989 MM.
Acer rubrum; Red maple. 1995 PM.
Acer saccharinum; Silver maple. 1987 AC.
Acer saccharum; Sugar maple. 1987 AC.
Aesculus glabra; Ohio buckeye. 1987 AC.
Saxifragaceae
†Heuchera richardsonii; Prairie alumroot. 1989 MM.
Scrophulariaceae
Scrophularia lanceolata; Figwort. 1995 PM.
Scrophularia marilandica; Carpenter’s square. 1995 PM.
*Verbascum thapsus; Common mullein. 1989 CL.
Smilacaceae
Smilax lasioneura; Blue Ridge carrionflower. 1995 PM.
Smilax tamnoides; Bristly greenbrier. 1995 PM.
Solanaceae
Physalis heterophylla; Clammy ground cherry. 1989 MM.
Physalis virginiana; Virginia ground cherry. 1989 MM.
Solanum dulcamara; Climbing nightshade. 1995 PM.
Solanum ptycanthemum; Black nightshade. 1995 PM.
Staphyleaceae
Staphylea trifolia; Bladdernut. 1988 MM.
Typhaceae
Typha latifolia; Broad-leaved cat-tail. 1992 CU.
Ulmaceae
Celtis occidentalis; Hackberry. 1987 AC.
Ulmus americana; American Elm. 1987 AC.
*Ulmus pumila; Siberian Elm. 1987 AC.
Ulmus rubra; Slippery elm. 1987 AC.
Urticaceae
Boehmeria cylindrica; Bog-hemp. 1995 PM.
Laportea canadensis; Wood nettle. 1992 DH.
Pilea sp.; Clearweed. 1995 PM.
Urtica dioica; Stinging nettle. 1989 MM.
Valerianacea
*Valeriana Officinalis; Garden Valerian. 2016 NB.
Verbenaceae
Phryma leptostachya; Lopseed. 1989 MM.
Verbena bracteata; Creeping vervain. 1989 MM.
†Verbena hastata; Common vervain. 1995 PM.
Verbena stricta; Hoary vervain. 1989 MM.
Verbena urticifolia; White vervain. 1995 PM.
Violaceae
Viola canadensis; Canada violet. 1992 DH.
Viola pubescens; Yellow forest violet. 1992 DH.
Viola sororia; Downy blue violet. 1989 MM.
Vitaceae
Parthenocissus quinquefolia; Virginia creeper. 2000 TS.
Parthenocissus vitacea; Woodbine. 2009 ME.
Vitis riparia; River-bank grape. 1987 AC.