Carleton College

HIST 100. The Age of Elizabeth Her subjects remembered her as Good Queen Bess, and biographers have sung the praises of Gloriana, but what is our current understanding of Elizabeth I of England? This course will examine recent works on Elizabeth's family and personal life, as well as histories of the political and religious events of the Tudor Age. In the process we will be seeking not merely to understand how historians have studied Elizabeth, but also to learn about how historians practice their craft. 6 cr., AI, WR1, Fall—S. Ottaway

HIST 100. History and Memory in Africa, Nineteenth-Twenty-first Centuries This course explores how Africans have remembered and retold their own history in the colonial and post-colonial contexts (nineteenth-twenty-first centuries). Students will examine memories of origin, the slave trade, conversion, and colonialism as well as of personal and communal triumphs and tragedies. Both long-standing historical texts like praise-names and rituals and modern texts like journals, court records, and letters will be explored. What is the relationship between the historical medium and the memory? Drawing from select cases in West, East and South Africa, students will come to understand the rich and varied history of Africa’s creative expression. 6 cr., WR; AI, WR1, IS, Fall—J. Willis

HIST 100. Medicine and Disease in the Making of the Modern World One of the many dimensions of globalization is the spread and exchange of pathogens. The recent scare of a swine flu pandemic and the outbreak of SARS in 2008 are reminders of the growing difficulties in containing infectious diseases. Using specific diseases as case studies this course looks at the politics of disease prevention and examines how the disease landscape of the world has developed from 1500 to present. We will consider the role of Western medicine in the process of colonization/globalization, the construction of race, and social control. Disease case studies include smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, plague and AIDS. 6 cr., AI, WR1, Fall—Amna Khalid

HIST 100. The Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976 In recent past the youthful radical movement in Communist China has made an indelible mark on the society comprising a quarter of the world’s population. In 1966 the student radicals known as Red Guards launched a series of destructive campaigns against the Communist Party with the Maoist cue to "Bombard the Headquarters!" How could a Leninist party find itself the victim of its own supreme leader? Students will examine tabloids, wall posters, pamphlets, cartoons, memoirs, reportage literature, play scripts, films, as well as party documents to explore such themes as theories on class, legitimatization of violence, and operations of memory. 6 cr., AI, WR1, IS, Fall—S. Yoon

HIST 100. The Gold Rush West The great western gold rushes are among the most iconic episodes in nineteenth-century American history. It takes little effort to place the name John Sutter or to find an abandoned mining camp west of the Great Plains. Behind such symbols, though, lay the transforming effects of remarkable mass migrations, of pivotal confrontations with Native peoples, of new ways of perceiving and using land, and of dynamic cultural, political and environmental forces that combined to remake the West and the nation as a whole. This seminar will examine these developments from the California experience to the Klondike. 6 cr., AI, WR1, IDS, Fall—G. Vrtis

HIST 120. Rethinking the American Experience: American Social History, 1607-1865 A survey of the American experience from before Christopher Columbus' arrival through the Civil War. Some of the topics we will cover include: contact between Native and European cultures; the development of the thirteen mainland British colonies; British, French, and Spanish imperial conflicts over the Americas; slavery; the American Revolution; religious awakenings; antebellum politics; and the Civil War. 6 cr., HU; HI, Winter—C. Clark

HIST 121. Rethinking the American Experience: American Social History, 1865-1945 This course offers a survey of the American experience from the end of the Civil War through World War II. Although we will cover a large number of major historical developments--including Reconstruction, the Progressive movement, World War I, the Great Depression, the New Deal and World War II--the course will seek to emphasize the various beliefs, values, and understanding that informed Americans' choices throughout these periods. In countless ways, the legacy of their lives continues to shape ours today, and so we will seek to understand the connections (and sometimes the disconnections) between Americans past and present. 6 cr., HU; HI, Spring—G. Vrtis

HIST 122. U.S. Women's History to 1877 Gender, race, and class shaped women's participation in the arenas of work, family life, culture, and politics in the United States from the colonial period to the late nineteenth century. We will examine diverse women's experiences of colonization, industrialization, slavery and Reconstruction, religion, sexuality and reproduction, and social reform. Readings will include both primary and secondary sources, as well as historiographic articles outlining major frameworks and debates in the field of women's history. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IDS, Fall—A. Igra

HIST 123. U.S. Women's History Since 1877 In the twentieth century women participated in the redefinition of politics and the state, sexuality and family life, and work and leisure as the United States became a modern, largely urban society. We will explore how the dimensions of race, class, ethnicity, and sexuality shaped diverse women's experiences of these historical changes. Topics will include: immigration, the expansion of the welfare system and the consumer economy, labor force segmentation and the world wars, and women's activism in civil rights, labor, peace and feminist movements. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IDS, Spring—A. Igra

HIST 125. African American History I This survey begins with the pre-enslavement history of African Americans in West Africa. It proceeds to the transition of the slave from an African to an African American either directly or indirectly through the institution of slavery until 1865. Special attention will be given to black female activists, organizations, and philosophies proposing solutions to the African-American and Euro-American dilemma in the antebellum period. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IDS, Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 131. Saints, Sinners, and Philosophers in Late Antiquity In Late Antiquity, pagans and Christians asked with particular intensity: How should I live? Those answering these questions successfully could become figures of authority and influence in their worlds. In this course we will explore what roles education; discipline of the mind and body; physical location and social status; and acts of power played in the making of a saint or philosopher. Was the best life achieved through material renunciation, psychological transformation, or both? What institutional forms fostered such a life? We will ask these and other questions of a wide array of primary sources while employing the insights of modern scholarship. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, IS, Offered in alternate years. Fall—W. North

HIST 137. Before Europe: The Early Medieval World, 250-c. 1050 This course examines the formation of western Christendom from its origins in the Christian Roman Empire to its consolidation in the eleventh century. As we move from Merovingian Gaul, Lombard Italy, and Anglo-Saxon England to the Carolingian Empire and its successor kingdoms in Germany, France, and Italy, we will examine such issues as the cultural and political legacy of the Roman and Carolingian worlds; the nature and forms of secular and sacred power; gender roles and relations; ethnic and social identity; and the forms, patterns and meaning of communication (political, economic, ritual, literary, religious) both inside and outside early medieval Europe. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 138. The Making of Europe What are the origins of what we call "Europe?" How did this corner of the Eurasian continent come to play a predominant role in world history? What forces worked to create or to undermine a recognizably "European" culture? While cultural developments and new institutions offered powerful sources of shared experience and practice, national states and self-conscious localisms introduced new lines of fragmentation. Through lectures and discussion of a wide variety of primary sources from the period this class will examine these competing tendencies as they shaped the history of Europe's peoples during the later Middle Ages and the early Renaissance. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 139. Foundations of Modern Europe A narrative and survey of the early modern period (fifteenth through eighteenth centuries). The course examines the Renaissance, Reformation, Contact with the Americas, the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. We compare the development of states and societies across Western Europe, with particularly close examination of the history of Spain. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 140. Modern Europe 1789-1914 An introduction in the age of political and social revolutions. Emphasis is given to the impact of industrialization, the rise of national consciousness, and the search for progress through the great liberal and socialist movements, and ultimately the drive for global domination and development, students are invited but not required to take HIST 141 as a follow-up to this course. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 141. Europe in the Twentieth Century A survey of the major political, socio-economic, and intellectual developments of twentieth century Europe. Special emphasis will be placed on the rise of urban masses and private economic power and the attempts to integrate these new forces into a stable political system. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Spring—D. Tompkins

HIST 151. History of Modern Japan This course explores the modern transformation of Japanese society, politics, economy and culture from the Meiji Restoration of 1868 to the present. It is designed to provide students with an opportunity to explore basic issues and problems relating to modern Japanese history and international relations. Topics include the intellectual crisis of the late Tokugawa period, the Meiji Constitution, the development of an interior democracy, class and gender, the rise of Japanese fascism, the Pacific War, and postwar developments. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Winter—S. Yoon

HIST 152. History of Early China At what point can we talk about the formation of China as an organized political entity? What did it mean to be a Chinese at different points in time? This course is an introduction to the history of China from its beginnings to the end of the Han dynasty in 220. Students will examine the emergence of philosophical debates on human nature, historical consciousness of time and recording, and ritual theories in formation. Students will focus on the interplay between statecraft and religion, between ethnicity and identity, and between intellectual (e.g., Confucianism) and socio-cultural history (e.g., feminine and popular mentalities). 6 cr., HU, WR, RAD; HI, WR2, IS, Winter—S. Yoon

HIST 153. History of Modern China This course offers a critical survey of the modern transformation of the trajectory of China’s recent past spanning from the eighteenth century through the present. Students will analyze deep structural issues that cut across political narratives of Chinese elites. Themes for discussion will include the debates on Chinese "capitalism," new religious currents as a form of legitimation (e.g., Tibetan Buddhism), bureaucratic behaviors, cultural refinements, peasant and sectarian rebellions, the interaction with the West, the (non-)existence of civil society, nationalism, party politics, the dynamics of Communist rule, and alternative Chinese societies both inside and outside of Mainland China. 6 cr., HU, WR, RAD; HI, WR2, IS, Spring—S. Yoon

HIST 156. History of Modern Korea A comparative historical survey on the development of Korean society and culture from the nineteenth century to the present. Key themes include colonialism and war, economic growth, political transformation, socio-cultural changes, and historical memory. Issues involving divided Korea will be examined in the contexts of post-colonialism and Cold War. Students are also expected to develop skills to analyze key historical moments from relevant primary sources against broader historiographical contexts. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Spring—Seungjoo Yoon

HIST 161. History of Modern India A survey of the modern history of the Indian sub-continent from the establishment of the Mughal Court in North India (1525 AD) until the formation of the Republic of India (1947 AD), including the regional states, the British East India Company, British colonial rule and the rise of nationalism. Students will be asked to consider the differences between the early modern and colonial periods, and the empires of the subcontinent. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Winter—Amna Khalid

HIST 167. History of Modern South Asia, 1947-onwards This course examines the history of South Asia from 1947 to the present. We will explore forms of government, types of economies, and art and culture, and examine the role of religions in South Asian societies, including Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. We will consider the following countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Topics covered will include political violence and non-violence, the rise of communalism, conceptions of masculinity and femininity, caste class, uses of national history. 6 cr., HU, WR, RAD; HI, WR2, IS, Spring—Amna Khalid

HIST 169. Colonial Latin America 1492-1810 How did peoples from the Americas, the Iberian Peninsula, and Africa contribute to the creation of new colonial societies in Latin America and the Caribbean? The course examines the bewildering spectrum of indigenous societies Europeans and Africans encountered in the Americas, then turns to the introduction and proliferation of Hispanic institutions and culture, the development of mature colonial societies, and the increasing tensions and internal contradictions that plagued the region by the late eighteenth century. It asks how the colonized population managed to survive, adapt, and resist imperial pressures and examines the creation of new collective identities. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 170. Modern Latin America 1810-Present This course focuses on the legacy of colonial rule and asks how nascent nation-states dealt with new challenges of political legitimacy, economic development, and the rights of citizens. Case studies from the experiences of individual nations will highlight concerns still pertinent today: the ongoing struggle to extend meaningful political participation and the benefits of economic growth to the majority of the region's inhabitants, popular struggles for political, economic, and cultural rights, and the emergence of a civic society. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Spring—A. Fisher

HIST 180. An Historical Survey of East Africa This course will survey the history of Eastern Africa from 1000 BC to the present. Topics to be covered include the development of settled communities and states; the economic and cultural networks that have linked the Indian Ocean with the interior; the East African slave trade; comparative colonialism; anti-colonial resistance; African nationalism; and post-colonial developments. We will cover the region that today comprises the countries of Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 181. West Africa in the Era of the Slave Trade The medieval Islamic and the European (or Atlantic) slave trades have had a tremendous influence on the history of Africa and the African Diaspora. This course offers an introduction to the history of West African peoples via their involvement in both of these trades from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. More specifically, students will explore the demography, the economics, the social structure, and the ideologies of slavery. They also will learn the repercussions of these trades for men's and women's lives, for the expansion of coastal and hinterland kingdoms, and for the development of religious practices and networks. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 183. History of Early West Africa This course surveys the history of West Africa during the pre-colonial period from 790 to 1590. It chronicles the rise and fall of the kingdoms of Ancient Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. We will examine the transition from decentralized to centralized societies, the relations between nomadic and settler groups, the institution of divine kingship, the emergence of new ruling dynasties, the consolidation of trade networks, and the development of the classical Islamic world. Students will learn how scholars have used archeological evidence, African oral traditions, and the writings of Muslim travelers to reconstruct this important era of West African history. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 184. Colonial West Africa This course surveys the history of West Africa during the colonial period, 1860-1960. It offers an introduction to the roles that Islam and Christianity played in establishing and maintaining colonial rule. It looks at the role of colonialism in shaping African ethnic identities and introducing new gender roles. In addition, we will examine the transition from slave labor to wage labor, and its role in exacerbating gender, generation, and class divisions among West Africans. The course also highlights some of the ritual traditions and cultural movements that flourished in response to colonial rule. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 202. Iconoclasm in the Early Middle Ages What roles do images play in society? What are these images thought to be and to do? Why, at particular moments, have certain groups attempted to do away with images either completely or in specific settings? How do images create and threaten communities and power structures, and how is the management of the visual integrated with and shaped by other values, structures, and objectives? This course will examine these questions by looking in depth at the theory and practice of iconoclasm in Byzantium, early Islam, and the early medieval West. 3 cr., HU; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Winter—W. North

HIST 203. Papacy, Church and Empire in the Age of Reform Over the course of the eleventh century, monks and clerics, kings and princes, lay men and women, challenged the traditional order of European society, demanding purity, freedom, and justice for their church and the reform of institutions grown corrupt. Yet the traditional order had its defenders, too. In this course we will examine their intellectual and political struggles as they debate such issues as clerical marriage and purity, institutional corruption, the relationship of Church and King, the meaning of canon law, the concept of just war, and the power of the pope within the Church. 3 cr., HU; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Winter—W. North

HIST 204. Crusade, Contact and Exchange in the Medieval Mediterranean The theory that the focus of affairs in Europe turned northwards after the Muslim conquests of North Africa and Spain has been highly influential in shaping courses on medieval Europe. More recently, however, attention has focused on the rich culture of contact among the peoples of the Mediterranean throughout the medieval period. Through lectures and critical discussion of primary sources, this course will explore the many faces of this contact, including trade, warfare, political ties, missions, and artistic and intellectual influences. Our primary focus will be on the Christian European experience, but we will also study Jewish, Muslim and Byzantine sources. 6 cr., HU, WR, RAD; HI, WR2, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 205. American Environmental History This course examines the changing relationship between humankind and the natural world in the portion of North America that is now the United States. We will begin with a consideration of Native American substinence strategies and ideas about nature, and then turn to the arrival of Europeans, colonialism, industrialization, increasing urbanization, and the conservation and environmental movements, among other major eco-historical developments. As we explore these developments, we will focus on the deeper ecological implications of human activities, cultural patterns and intellectual currents. One goal of the course will be to provide an historical context for understanding contemporary environmental issues. 6 cr., HU; HI, IDS, Spring—G. Vrtis

HIST 208. The Atlantic World: Columbus to the Age of Revolutions, 1492-1792 In the late fifteenth century, the Atlantic ocean became a vast highway linking Spain, France, Britain, and the Netherlands to the Americas and Africa. This course will examine the lives of the men and women who inhabited this new world from the time of Columbus to the eighteenth-century revolutions in Haiti and North America. We will focus on the links between continents rather than the geographic segments. Topics will include the destruction and reconfiguration of indigenous societies; slavery and other forms of servitude; religion; war; and the construction of ideas of empire. Students considering a concentration in Atlantic History are particularly encouraged to enroll. Emphasis on primary sources. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 211. More than Pilgrims: Colonial British America An intensive exploration of particular topics in early American history in its context as part of an Atlantic world. Topics will include voluntary and involuntary migration from Europe and Africa, personal, political, and military relationships between Europeans and Native Americans, the pattern of colonial settlement and politics, concepts of family and community, strategies of cultural adaptation and resistance, slavery, religion, the making of racial, rank, and gender ideologies, and the development of British and American identities. 6 cr., HU; HI, IDS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 212. The Era of the American Revolution This class will examine the American Revolution as both a process and a phenomenon. It will consider the relationship of the American Revolution to social, cultural, economic, political, and ideological change in the lives of Americans from the founding fathers to the disenfranchised, focusing on the period 1750-1800. The central question of the course is this: how revolutionary was the Revolution? 6 cr., HU; HI, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 213. The Age of Jefferson This course will examine the social, political and cultural history of the period 1783-1830 with special consideration of the framing and ratification of the Constitution and the defining of the "United States." Historians contend that the period covered by this course is the key era of social transformation in American history. To assess this hypothesis, we will examine changes in race, gender, and class relations within the context of economic and geographical expansion and religious revitalization. We will explore paradoxes of American democracy and citizenship as they developed in the early Republic. Previous knowledge of American history will be assumed. 6 cr., HU; HI, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 214. Rethinking the American Civil War The Civil War, in which more than 620,000 died, was a cataclysmic event that reshaped American life. Using both original sources and the most recent scholarship, we will explore the causes, leadership, battles, and consequences of the war for ordinary Americans. Topics include the war's impact on men, women, slavery, legal rights, the economy, the confederacy, the presidency, and American memory. Special attention will be paid to Civil War photography, the problems of mapping the conflict, and the attempt to understand the war through modern movies and documentaries, including those of Ken Burns. 6 cr., HU; HI, IDS, Spring—C. Clark

HIST 217. From Ragtime to Football: U.S. History in the 1890s The 1890s were a period of turmoil. From the closing of the frontier west to the debates over imperialism, immigrants, ragtime music, and football, Americans tried to come to terms with the changing standards and social relationships of the modern world. Using original sources from the period, this course will explore the various debates over war, women's roles, sports, art, music, politics, and popular culture in the 1890s. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 221. African American History II The transition from slavery to freedom; the post-Reconstruction erosion of civil rights and the ascendancy of Booker T. Washington; protest organizations and mass migration before and during World War I; the postwar resurgence of black nationalism; African Americans in the Great Depression and World War II; roots of the modern Civil Rights movement, and black female activism. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IDS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 226. U.S. Consumer Culture In the period after 1880, the growth of a mass consumer society recast issues of identity, gender, race, class, family, and political life. We will explore the development of consumer culture through such topics as advertising and mass media, the body and sexuality, consumerist politics in the labor movement, and the response to the Americanization of consumption abroad. We will read contemporary critics such as Thorstein Veblen, as well as historians engaged in weighing the possibilities of abundance against the growth of corporate power. 6 cr., HU; HI, Winter—A. Igra

HIST 227. The American West This course explores the history of a large and seemingly unruly swath of North America, the lands lying Missouri River. For many people, the American West tends to conjure up familiar images: Indians riding hard after buffalo, wagon trains winding their way west along river valleys, bedraggled goldseekers, Custer’s last stand along the Little Bighorn, cowboys and the open range, Populist stump-speakers, hardscrabble cities, towering mountains, majestic national parks, and many more. This course will examine these images--these iconic western stories--and the complex historical developments they both represent from pre-history through the twentieth century. 6 cr., HU; HI, IDS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 229. Working with Gender in U.S. History Historically work has been a central location for the constitution of gender identities for both men and women; at the same time, cultural notions of gender have shaped the labor market. We will investigate the roles of race, class, and ethnicity in shaping multiple sexual divisions of labor and the ways in which terms such as skill, bread­winning and work itself were gendered. Topics will include domestic labor, slavery, industrialization, labor market segmentation, protective legislation, and the labor movement. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IDS, Offered in alternate years. Fall—A. Igra

HIST 230. Institutional Structure and Culture in the Middle Ages From churches to monasteries to universities to guilds, the medieval world was full of institutions that faced hard questions: How best to structure power and authority? What is our place in the wider world? How is our collective identity and ethos achieved, maintained, or transformed? How does the institution as a material community relate to the institution’s mission and culture? What are the ideals and techniques of leadership? What do success and failure look like? Through theoretical readings and case studies, students will investigate medieval responses to these challenges, while analyzing the complex dynamics of institutional life more generally. 6 cr., HU; SI, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 232. Renaissance Worlds in France and Italy Enthusiasm, artistry, invention, exploration.... How do these notions of Renaissance culture play out in sources from the period? Using a range of evidence (historical, literary, and visual) from Italy and France in the fourteenth-sixteenth centuries we will explore selected issues of the period, including debates about the meaning of being human and ideal forms of government and education; the nature of God and mankind’s duties toward the divine; the family and gender roles; definitions of beauty and the goals of artistic achievement; accumulation of wealth; and exploration of new worlds and encounters with other peoples. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, IS, Offered in alternate years. Spring—V. Morse

HIST 233. Cultures of Empire: Byzantium, 710-1453 Heir to the Roman Empire, Byzantium proved to be one of the most enduring and fascinating polities of the medieval world. Through written and visual evidence, we will examine the central features of Byzantine history and culture from the period of Iconoclasm to the Empire's fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, concentrating on the nature and function of imperial rule; Byzantine aesthetics and religiosity; Byzantium's relations with the Latin West and Islam; and the changing nature of the Byzantine thought world. No prerequisites, but History 131, 204 and/or Classics 229 will be useful preparation. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Spring—W. North

HIST 236. Women's Lives in Pre-Modern Europe Did women have a Renaissance? Were women increasingly relegated to a separate sphere from men: "domesticated" into the household? Or, on the contrary, is the history of European women characterized by fundamental continuities? This course seeks to answer these questions through an exploration of women's place in the family and economy, laws and cultural assumptions about women, and women's role in religion. Throughout the term, we will be focusing not only on writings about women, but primarily on sources written by women themselves, as we seek a fuller understanding of the nature of European women's lives before the modern era. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 237. The Enlightenment This course focuses on the texts of Enlightenment thinkers, including Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, Kant and Mesmer. Emphasis will be on French thinkers and the effect of the Enlightenment on French society. The course covers the impact of the Enlightenment on science, religion, politics and the position of women. Students will have the opportunity to read the philosophies in French. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, IS, Spring—S. Ottaway

HIST 239. Britain, c. 1485-1834: From Sceptred Isle to Satanic Mills This course traces the political, intellectual, economic and social history of the British Isles from the Tudor era to the Industrial Revolution. As we move from the world of Shakespeare to that of Jane Austen, we will follow changing British identities, the development of Atlantic slavery (and the subsequent move to emancipation), and revolutions in the political world. At the same time, we identify the origins and consequences of the fundamental economic and demographic changes associated with the demographic transition and industrialization. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 240. Imperial Russia This course provides an introduction to the Russian imperial state as it evolved over centuries. We will focus on the immense diversity of the empire and the structures of domination and legitimacy that held it together. Major topics covered include imperial ideology, serfdom, the intelligentsia, and political opposition. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 241. Russia through Wars and Revolutions The lands of the Russian empire underwent massive transformations in the tumultuous decades that separated the accession of Nicholas II (1894) from the death of Stalin (1953). This course will explore many of these changes, with special attention paid to the social and political impact of wars (the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, the Civil War, and the Great Patriotic War) and revolutions (of 1905 and 1917), the ideological conflicts they engendered, and the comparative historical context in which they transpired. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Winter—Adeeb Khalid

HIST 242. Russia Since 1953 We will explore the history of Russia and other former Soviet states in the period after the death of Stalin. We will investigate the nature of the late Soviet state and explore the different trajectories Russia and other post-Soviet states have followed since the end of the Soviet Union. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 243. The Peasants are Revolting! Society and Politics in the Making of Modern France Political propaganda of the French Revolutionary period tells a simple story of downtrodden peasants exploited by callous nobles, but what exactly was the relationship between the political transformations of France from the Renaissance through the French Revolution and the social, religious, and cultural tensions that characterized the era? This course explores the connections and conflicts between popular and elite culture as we survey French history from the sixteenth through early nineteenth centuries, making comparisons to social and political developments in other European countries along the way. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 245. Ireland: The Origin of the Troubles The religious and political tensions and violence that have characterized modern Irish history have deep roots in centuries of troubled relations between Ireland and England. This course examines Irish history with a special focus on Anglo-Irish relations from Tudor colonization through the Great Hunger of the nineteenth century. We will also be examining the very different ways in which Irish history is told by nationalist and revisionist scholars. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, IS, Winter—S. Ottaway

HIST 248. Berlin Program: Monuments and Memory: A Cultural History of Berlin Berlin is the center of a transnational space both German-speaking and vibrantly multicultural. This course will examine Berlin’s complicated history and culture through its monuments, museums, and other sites of commemoration. Using Berlin as our text, we will gain insights into the significant historical events that shaped the society and culture of Germany’s capital city. Where relevant, we will discuss developments in Germany and Central Europe more generally, and incorporate visits to nearby cities into the course. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 249. Modern Central Europe An examination of the political, social, and cultural history of Central Europe from 1848 to the present day. We will explore the evolution of state and civil society in the multicultural/multinational regions of the present-day Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, as well as eastern Germany and Austria. Much of the course will focus on the common experiences of authoritarianism, anti-Semitism, fascism/Nazism, and especially the Communist era and its dissolution. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 250. Modern Germany This course offers a comprehensive examination of German history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We will look at the German-speaking peoples of Central Europe through the prism of politics, society, culture, and the economy. Through a range of readings, we will grapple with the many complex and contentious issues that have made German history such an interesting area of intellectual inquiry. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 252. China and Its Neighbors, ca. 1200-1800 China as we know today has been ruled over by diverse groups of peoples who crisscrossed the boundaries between the steppe and sown fields. By taking a comparative historical approach, this course purports to relate Chinese history from ca. 1200 to ca. 1800 to its world-historical context. Students will examine various approaches to this topic, including the strategic cultures, the Altaic, and more recent colonialism model. Themes include the discursive construction of cultural and ethnic identities, multiple notions of frontiers (e.g., linear, zonal, layered), and alternative ways of constructing sovereignty claims distinct from that of the Westphalia System. 6 cr., HU, WR, RAD; HI, WR2, IS, Offered in alternate years. Spring—S. Yoon

HIST 253. Bureaucracy, Law, and Religion in East Asia One tends to interpret East Asian polity in terms of rule by person rather than rule by law and of the unity between politics and religion. Students will examine the validity of these traditional conceptualizations through an analysis of the intricate interactions between bureaucratic behaviors, legal parameters, and religious orientations as evolved in the East Asian historical societies from its beginnings to the present. Students will discuss the relationships between autocracy and bureaucracy, church and state, aristocracy and literati ideals, eunuch prerogatives, samurai ethics, and yangban protocols, with a focus on various bureaucratic configurations (public, private, ecclesiastical, parallel, and interstitial). 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 254. Colonialism in East Asia This course explores the colonialisms in East Asia, both internal and external. Students examine Chinese, Inner Asian, Japanese, and European colonialisms from the seventeenth century to the present. Geographically, students cover borderlands of East Asian empires (Tibet, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Manchuria, Fujian, Yunnan, Canton, Vietnam, Taiwan, Korea, Okinawa, and Hokkaido). Methodologically, students eschew power-politics and historical studies of "frontier" regions in order to analyze everyday aspects of colonial arrangements and communities in different historical moments from the bottom up. Topics include ethnic identities, racial discourses, colonial settlements, opium regimes, violence and memory (e.g. Nanjing massacre), and forced labor migrations (e.g. comfort women). 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, IS, Winter—S. Yoon

HIST 255. Print Culture and Nationalism in East Asia Has a public sphere ever existed in East Asia? Is there freedom of the press in East Asian history? To some, these questions may sound counter-intuitive in that the book industry and a reading public emerged much earlier in the region than any other parts in the world. This course will examine how printing and press-like activities shaped national consciousness in China, Japan, and Korea. Students will analyze communication circuits that linked authors, journalists, shippers, booksellers, itinerant storytellers, gossipers, listeners, and active readers. Sources will be drawn from poems, private letters, maps, pamphlets, handbills, local gazetteers, rumor mills, pictorials, and cartoons. 6 cr., HU, WR, RAD; HI, WR2, IS, Fall—S. Yoon

HIST 259. Women in South Asia: Histories, Narratives and Representation The objective of this course is to survey the historical institutions, practices and traditions that defined the position of women in India. We will examine the laws and religious traditions related to women in South Asia including marriage, inheritance, sati and purdah. We will also consider the role and position of European women in India. Readings will include stories and memoirs from the colonial and post-colonial period. Representations of both European and Indian women in Indian and European cinema will also be examined. The purpose of the course is to understand women in India as both the object and subject of history 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Winter—Amna Khalid

HIST 260. The Making of the Modern Middle East A survey of major political and social developments from the fifteenth century to the beginning of World War I. Topics include: state and society, the military and bureaucracy, religious minorities (Jews and Christians), and women in premodern Muslim societies; the encounter with modernity. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Fall—Adeeb Khalid

HIST 265. Central Asia in the Modern Age Central Asia--the region encompassing the post-Soviet states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, and the Xinjiang region of the People’s Republic of China--is often considered one of the most exotic in the world, but it has experienced all the excesses of the modern age. After a basic introduction to the long-term history of the steppe, this course will concentrate on exploring the history of the region since its conquest by the Russian and Chinese empires. We will discuss the interaction of external and local forces as we explore transformations in the realms of politics, society, culture, and religion. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Spring—Adeeb Khalid

HIST 266. History of Islam in India The countries of South Asia --particularly India, Pakistan and Bangladesh--are collectively home to the world’s largest Muslim population. This course will examine the history and significance of the expansion of Islam into the Indian subcontinent, with an emphasis on topics including poetry and art, trade, Islamic concepts of law and justice, mysticism, and popular religion. We will study the development of specifically Indian forms of Islam, with a focus on the interaction of Muslims with non-Muslim communities. We will also examine the wide variety of socio-political movements which emerged among Muslim communities in the colonial and post-colonial eras. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 268. The Indian Ocean World in the Age of European Expansion Five years after Columbus’s voyage to the New World, Vasco Da Gama navigated his way to the real Indies. The advent of Europeans in the Indian Ocean had a gradual but significant impact on trade and the balance of power in the Indian Ocean world. We will examine how the growing influence of the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British influenced not only trading patterns but also the interactions between the littoral regions and communities. Topics covered include commodities and markets; slavery, forced labor and pilgrims; diasporic communities and the challenges of assimilation; and port cities as disease frontiers. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Spring—Amna Khalid

HIST 272. The Emergence of Modern Mexico This course examines the origins and development of Mexican nationalism from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Central to this course will be the question of how national identity and culture was contested and negotiated across racial, class, regional and gender divides. We will also attempt to deconstruct the cultural project of "lo mexicano" most closely associated with the decades immediately following the Mexican Revolution (1910-1917). 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 273. Go-Betweens and Rebels in the Andean World This course examines the dynamics of imperial rule in the vertical world of the Andes from the time of the Inca, through Spanish rule, and beyond. Of particular interest will be the myriad roles played by indigenous intermediaries who bridged the social, political and cultural gap between their communities and the state. While critical for maintaining the imperial order, these individuals also served as a galvanizing source of popular resistance against the state. Emphasis will be placed on the reading of translated primary sources written by a diverse group of Andean cultural intermediaries and rebels. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Winter—A. Fisher

HIST 276. The African Diaspora in Latin America A study of the participation of peoples of African descent in the creation of Latin American societies and culture. After an examination of the Atlantic slave trade, the course will survey the institution of African slavery in colonial societies with particular attention given to urban versus rural slavery, slave resistance and rebellion, maroon communities, gender relations, manumission, and cultural continuities and innovations. The course concludes with a consideration of the experiences of freed peoples in post-abolition societies and the historical legacy of slavery. Some background knowledge of Latin American history is recommended. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Spring—A. Fisher

HIST 278. Religious Orthodoxy and Deviance in New Spain Largely through the prism of inquisition sources, this course explores popular religion in the Viceroyalty of New Spain and its relationship to Catholic orthodixy. Central themes will include ideas about conversion, resistance, local religion, and religious tolerance. Among other topics, we will study crypto-Judaism, the conversion of indigenous people to Catholicism, diabolism, popular saints, witchcraft and mysticism. The course will also explore the methodological challenges involved in using inquisition sources for the study of religion. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 279. American Intellectual History A study of selected moments in the history of ideas from Puritanism to Pragmatism. The major focus will be on the classic writing of William Bradford, Anne Hutchinson, Jonathan Boucher, William Bartram, Henry David Thoreau, Oliver Wendell Holmes, William James and John Dewey. Students will examine the ideas of one writer in depth and analyze that writer's attempt to shape public policy. Using Louis Menand's prize-winning The Metaphysical Club, we will explore the attempt of post-Civil War thinkers to craft a social philosophy for the modern world of industry and science. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 280. African in the Arab World This course surveys the development of an African Diaspora in the Arab world. This community’s emergence is linked to the movement of enslaved Africans across the Sahara Desert, up the Nile valley, and across the Red Sea. Highlighting communities in North Africa and the Middle East, this course looks at the diverse experiences of peoples whose black skin came to be equated with slave status, yet who also became loyal followers of Islam in an Arab world. It challenges students to conceive of an African Diasporic identity in which the "East" and Islam are central. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Spring—J. Willis

HIST 281. War in Modern Africa This course examines the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafra War, 1967-1970, and its implications for post-colonial Nigerian and African history. Clashes between two ethnic groups, the Igbo and the Hausa, culminated in a failed attempt by the Igbo-dominated south to secede from the nation of Nigeria and establish Biafra as an independent country. What role did colonialism play in igniting and fueling the tensions that culminated in the war? What was the role of the media in the war? What light does the Biafra War shed on modern conflict in Africa? 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Winter—J. Willis

HIST 282. Masquerades in Africa This course explores the relevance of masks, animated in masquerade performances, to the practice of reconstructing the African past. Students learn (1) how the peoples of Africa have performed masquerades to both record and reenact the past; (2) how nineteenth- and twentieth-century explorers and ethnographers have described masks and masquerades; (3) how various elements of these performances offer evidence from which scholars can reconstruct the past; and (4) how to identify and interpret the paradigms and politics that inform the production of both the masks themselves and the ethnographic accounts of their significance in African culture. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Fall—T. Willis

HIST 298. Junior-year History Colloquium In the junior year, majors must take six-credit reading and discussion course taught each year by different members of the department faculty. The general purpose of History 298 is to help students reach a more sophisticated understanding of the nature of history as a discipline and of the approaches and methods of historians. A major who is considering off-campus study in the junior year should consult with their adviser on when to take History 298. 6 cr., ND; HI, Fall,Winter—A. Fisher, Adeeb Khalid

HIST 306. American Wilderness To many Americans, wild lands are among the nation’s most treasured places. Yosemite, Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon, Joshua Tree--the names alone evoke a sense of awe, naturalness, beauty, even love. But, where do those ideas and feelings come from, and how have they both reflected and shaped American cultural, political and environmental history over the last four centuries? These are the central issues and questions that we will pursue in this seminar. Prerequisite: Prerequisite: History 195/205 or consent of instructor. 6 cr., HU, WR; HI, WR2, IDS, Offered in alternate years. Winter—G. Vrtis

HIST 322. Civil Rights and Black Power This seminar frames the life and death of the civil rights and black power movements as rich experiments in political, social, cultural, religious, and intellectual theory and practice envisioned to create a racially liberal American state. 6 cr., HU, RAD; HI, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 324. The Concord Intellectuals The social and intellectual history of the American Renaissance with focus on selected works of Emerson, Thoreau, Amos Bronson Alcott, and Margaret Fuller. Special emphasis will be placed on the one common denominator uniting these intellectuals: their devotion to the possibilities of democracy. Prerequisite: History 120 or consent of the instructor. 6 cr., HU; HI, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 330. Gender, Ethics and Power in Medieval France What comprised the ethical fabric of medieval France? How was it created and understood over the generations? This course explores the ways in which men and women from the twelfth through the fifteenth centuries explored essential questions about their society: What was love? What factors shaped relations between men and women? How did one know right from wrong? What are the obligations between men and women, rich and poor, knight and lord, merchant and seller, humans and God? What kinds of violence were just, why, and for whom? 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 346. The Holocaust This course will grapple with the difficult and complicated phenomenon of the genocide of the Jews of Europe. We will explore anti-Semitism in its historical context, both in the German-speaking lands as well as in Europe as a whole. The experience of Jews in Nazi Germany will be an area of focus, but this class will look at European Jews more broadly, both before and during the Second World War. The question of responsibility and guilt will be applied to Germans as well as to other European societies, and an exploration of victims will extend to other affected groups. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Offered in alternate years. Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 360. Muslims and Modernity Through readings in primary sources in translation, we will discuss the major intellectual and cultural movements that have influenced Muslim thinkers from the nineteenth century on. Topics include modernism, nationalism, socialism, and fundamentalism. Prerequisite: at least one prior course in the history of the Middle East or Central Asia or Islam. 6 cr., HU, WR, RAD; HI, WR2, IS, Spring—Adeeb Khalid

HIST 381. History, Memory and the Atlantic World: Ghana and the United This reading and research seminar prepares students for a winter-break field trip in Ghana. It investigates four major questions: did contemporary Gold Coast merchants participate in the Atlantic world slave trade as willing partners or did they make irrational decisions? How do Ghanaians remember slavery, British colonization, and the struggle for independence? What roles did W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, Shirley Graham Du Bois, and Richard Wright play in Ghana's cultural life: Why did Maya Angelou and other American writers and artists move to Ghana during the Civil Rights Movement? 6 cr., RAD; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 382. History, Memory, and the Atlantic World: On Site and Revisited The first part of the seminar is a 15-day winter break field trip to Ghana. Fieldwork begins in Accra, the seat of national government since 1877. The capital is the base for lectures by University of Ghana professors and for visits to sites representing important moments in Ghana's post-colonial history. The trip continues to Kumasi, capital of the Ashanti Region and once an inland terminus of major slave trading routes to the Atlantic coast. Kumasi is the base for day trips to traditional craft villages and for lectures by professors at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). 6 cr., HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 386. Disease, Health, and Healing in Modern African History In this course, we will examine the history of disease, health, and healing in the context of changing economic, cultural, and political relations in Africa. Topics to be discussed include African medical ideas and practices, therapeutic pluralism, colonial medicine, social/public responses to disease, patient experiences, and controversies surrounding HIV/AIDS. We will pay attention to questions of power, agency, and gender as we discuss these topics. The course will highlight the key themes, historiographies, and methodologies in the history of disease, health, and healing in modern African history. 6 cr., HU; HI, IS, Not offered in 2011-2012.

HIST 395. The Progressive Era? Was the Progressive Era progressive? It was a period of social reform, labor activism, and woman suffrage, but also of Jim Crow, corporate capitalism, and U.S. imperialism. These are among the topics that can be explored in research papers on this contradictory era. We will begin by reading a brief text that surveys the major subject areas and relevant historiography of the period. The course will center on the writing of a 25-30 page based on primary research, which will be read and critiqued by members of the seminar. 6 cr., HU; HI, Spring—A. Igra

HIST 395. Nationalism In the first half of the course, students will acquaint themselves with the recent literature on nationalism, including both theoretical and historical works. In the second half, they will prepare and present research papers on nationalism in a given historical context. Previous work in history required. 6 cr., HU; HI, Winter—Adeeb Khalid

HIST 397. Senior Research Proposal Completion of a research proposal, working with an adviser. Satisfactory completion of this senior requirement depends upon approval of the proposal by the faculty adviser and the department. 3 cr., S/CR/NC, HU; HI, Fall—Staff

HIST 398. Advanced Historical Writing This course is designed to support majors in developing advanced skills in historical research and writing. Through a combination of class discussion, small group work, and one-on-one interactions with the professor, majors learn the process of constructing sophisticated, well-documented, and well-written historical arguments within the context of an extended project of their own design. They also learn and practice strategies for engaging critically with contemporary scholarship and effective techniques of peer review and the oral presentation of research. Concurrent enrollment in History 400 required. By permission of the instructor only. 6 cr., S/CR/NC, HU, WR; HI, WR2, Winter—C. Clark, A. Igra, J. Willis

HIST 400. Integrative Exercise Required of all seniors majoring in history. Registration in this course is contingent upon prior approval of a research proposal. 3 cr., S/NC, ND; NE, Winter—Staff