[Wives Without Husbands]
Wives without Husbands

Marriage, Desertion, and Welfare in New York, 1900-1935

by Anna R. Igra, June 2006

Shedding new light on contemporary campaigns to encourage marriage among welfare recipients and to prosecute "deadbeat dads," Wives without Husbands traces the efforts of Progressive reformers to make "runaway husbands" support their families. Anna R. Igra investigates the interrelated histories of marriage and welfare policy in the early 1900s, revealing how reformers sought to make marriage the solution to women's and children's poverty.

Igra taps a rich trove of case files from the National Desertion Bureau, a Jewish husband-location agency, and follows hundreds of deserted women through the welfare and legal systems of early twentieth-century New York City. She integrates a broad range of topics, including Americanization as a gendered process, breadwinning as a measure of manhood, the relationship between consumer culture and social policy formation, the class dimensions of family law, and the Jewish community as a source of welfare policy innovation. Igra analyzes the history of antidesertion reform from its emergence in social policy debates, through the establishment of domestic relations courts, to Depression relief programs. She shows that early twentieth-century reformers, by attempting to make instrumental use of poor people's intimate relations, anticipated welfare policies in our own time that promote marriage as an answer to poverty.

About the author
Anna R. Igra is associate professor of history and director of the Women's and Gender Studies Program at Carleton College.

Series: Gender and American Culture

Related subjects: Women's Studies/Gender Studies; American Studies; History/United States: General; Jewish/Israeli/Holocaust Studies; Law & Legal History; Sociology/Social Issues

Articles

"Marriage as Welfare." Women's History Review, 2006, 15: 601-610.

"Feminism." Encyclopedia of Women in American History, Vol. 3. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2002: 29-32.

"Likely to Become a Public Charge: Deserted Women and the Family of the Poor in New York City, 1910-1936." Journal of Women's History, 2000, 11.

"Male Providerhood and the Public Purse: Anti-Desertion Reform in the Progressive Era." In: Victoria de Grazia, editor. The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Reviews

American Historical Review, Business History Review, Journal of American Ethnic History, Labor History.