CSPro
CSPro (Census and Survey Processing System) is a data entry tool designed primarily for census and survey information. It has some ability to analyze data, and can also export data in formats for analysis by many other programs, including SPSS and STATA.
To use CSPro to enter data, a "data entry application" must be made for the specific data you are entering. In a data entry application, you first build a dictionary which defines the questions ("records") and possible responses ("items"). These dictionaries are very similar to codebooks though with slightly less information. From there, you create a form, and then open the data entry tool with that form to enter data.
For further information on the capabilities and format of the dictionary, go to the CSPro Documentation and look at the Data Dictionary Module section of the User's Guide. For information on exporting to other formats, see the Tool list on page 6 of the User's Guide.
You can download CSPro from the US Census Bureau. Although they require that you provide them with minimal personal information before you can download it, it is a free program.