Classics

Courses in the Department of Classics cover numerous aspects of the ancient Greco-Roman world. Our courses focus on the study of Greek and Latin literary, historical, and philosophical texts, as well as evidence from material remains such as art, architecture, and the archaeological remains of daily life, as well as public and private inscriptions. Courses in the languages (Latin and Greek) are designed to provide students with a thorough introduction to the language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. Courses taught entirely with readings in English (Classics courses) include those centered around literary genres, Greek and Roman history, and topics such as gender and archaeology. Completion of the Greek and Latin sequences, 101, 102, 103, and 204, fulfills the college language requirement.

Requirements for the Classics Major

75 credits total are required for a Classics major.

  • 18 credits in Greek (GRK) and/or Latin (LATN) above the 102 level. This may include courses designated CLAS-F (and in some cases HIST-F)
  • Thirty additional credits in the general area of Classical Civilization (CLAS), Latin (LATN), or Greek (GRK), two of which must be at the 200 level or above.
    • Up to 6 of these credits may be from a related department (History, Philosophy, Art History, Archaeology, Political Science, Religion), subject to adviser approval
    • Courses from CLAS 384, CLAS 385, CLAS 386, CLAS 387, if taken before the senior year, may count toward these 30 additional credits

The College language requirement may be satisfied by completion with a grade of at least C- in any of the Greek or Latin languages numbered 204 or above.

The Classics Departments of Carleton College and St. Olaf College cooperate in a program under which students of either college may elect certain courses on the other campus. This option is especially appropriate for upper level language courses not offered at Carleton. Carleton students should register for St. Olaf courses through the inter-registration process.

The minor in Archaeology will interest many students who are attracted to ancient civilization.

Minors in the Classic Department

The Classics Department offers three Minors in addition to the Classics Major. Per the College’s guidelines on minors, students who declare a Classics Major are not allowed also to declare a Minor in the department. For a course to count toward a minor, a grade of C- or better must be earned. These courses cannot be taken on an elective S/Cr/NC basis. The department may make exceptions if appropriate.

Requirements for the Classics Minor

The Classics Minor is intended for students who wish to gain broad exposure to the study of the ancient Mediterranean world without required coursework in Greek and/or Latin. To earn a Classics Minor students must complete 42 total credits as described below:

  • 18 credits (three courses) in Classical Civilization (CLAS), with at least one course from each of the three groups below:
  • 18 additional credits in the general area of Classical Civilization (CLAS); Latin (LATN) or Greek (GRK) at any level may also count toward the Classics Minor. Six of the 18 credits may be from a related department (History, Philosophy, Art History, Archaeology, Political Science, Religion), subject to department chair’s approval.
  • 6 credits from CLAS 384, CLAS 385, CLAS 386, CLAS 387

Requirements for the Greek Minor

The Greek Minor is intended for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the language and develop a fuller context for the literature and culture of the classical period. Students wishing to earn a Greek Minor must complete 42 credits of course-work as described below:

  • at least 18 credits in the Greek language (GRK) at the 200 level or above.
  • 18 additional credits in upper-level Greek (GRK), Latin (LATN) at any level, or Classics (CLAS). Six of the 18 credits may be from a related department (History, Philosophy, Art History, Archaeology, Political Science, Religion), subject to department chair’s approval.
  • 6 credits from CLAS 384, CLAS 385, CLAS 386, CLAS 387

Requirements for the Latin Minor

The Latin Minor is intended for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the language and develop a fuller context for the literature and culture of the classical period. Students wishing to earn a Latin Minor must complete 42 credits of course-work as described below:

  • at least 18 credits in the Latin language (LATN) at the 200 level or above.
  • 18 additional credits in upper-level Latin (LATN), Greek (GRK) at any level, or  Classics (CLAS). Six of the 18 credits may be from a related department (History, Philosophy, Art History, Archaeology, Political Science, Religion), subject to department chair’s approval.
  • 6 credits from CLAS 384, CLAS 385, CLAS 386, CLAS 387

Classics Courses (CLAS)

(These courses do not presume knowledge of Greek or Latin)

CLAS 100 The Trojan Legend: Mythology, Archaeology, and Legacy The rage of Achilles, the face that launched a thousand ships, Greeks bearing gifts, Brad Pitt's leg double...The Trojan Legend is one of the most reproduced, adapted, and controversial stories of all time. Troy's roots at the foundations of western literature have inspired countless works of art, literature, and film, which for millennia have retold this epic set of tales. In this seminar we will explore the legend of the Trojan War through ancient and modern literature and art, as well as the archaeological sites, civilizations, and imaginary places that have contributed to this legend down to the present. 6 credits; AI, WR1; Fall; Alex R Knodell
CLAS 112 The Epic in Classical Antiquity: Texts, Contexts, and Intertexts It would be difficult to overstate the importance of the early Greek epics for the classical world and the western literary tradition that emerged from that world. This course will study closely both the Iliad and the Odyssey, as well as Hesiod’s Theogony, and then consider a range of works that draw upon these epics for their creator’s own purposes, including Virgil’s own epic, the Aeneid. By exploring the reception and influence of ancient epic, we will develop an appreciation for intertextuality and the dynamics of reading in general as it applies to generations of readers, including our own. 6 credits; LA, WR2; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 116 Ancient Drama: Truth in Performance What is theater for? Enormous and diverse audiences flocked to tragedy and comedy in Athens, drawn to the spectacle, music, and collective emotional experience. But drama also pushed the city to consider fundamental questions about power, conflicting values, competing obligations to family and community. Athenians believed that theater was beneficial to their democracy. Can these ancient plays help us, now, think about our own communal questions? This course will focus on plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes as they were first performed, and investigate how modern productions engage pressing current questions around race, immigration, and social justice. 6 credits; ARP, IS; Fall; Clara S Hardy
CLAS 122 The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory: From the Beginning to the Classical Age "Never say that prehistory is not history." The late Fernand Braudel had it right. Over 99 percent of human history predates the written word, and this course examines one of the world's most diverse, yet unifying environments--the Mediterranean Sea--from the earliest populations around its shores to the emergence of the Classical world of the Greeks and Romans. Neanderthals and modern humans, the first artists and farmers, multiculturalism among Greeks, Phoenicians, Etruscans, and others... These are some of the topics to be covered as we study the precursors and roots of what would become "Western" civilization. 6 credits; HI; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 123 Greek Archaeology and Art This course explores the archaeology and art of the Ancient Greek world. Beginning with prehistory, we will track the development of the material culture of Ancient Greece through the Classical and Hellenistic periods, and conclude by discussing aspects of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman empires that followed. We will focus throughout on aspects of archaeological practice, material culture and text, art and society, long-term social change, and the role of the past in the present. 6 credits; HI, IS, QRE; Winter; Alex R Knodell
CLAS 124 Roman Archaeology and Art The material worlds of the ancient Romans loom large in our cultural imagination. From the architecture of the state to visual narratives of propaganda, Roman influence is ubiquitous in monuments across the West. But what were the origins of these artistic trends? What makes a monument characteristically ‘Roman’? And how has this material culture been interpreted and understood over time? This course explores the art, architecture, and archaeology of the ancient Romans both in the city of Rome and across the Empire, and considers the ways in which Roman trends have also influenced modern cultures. 6 credits; HI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 130 The Greek and Latin Roots of English We speak it every day on campus, and it is the second most common language on the planet, but where did English come from? While its basic grammar is Germanic, much of its vocabulary—probably around 60 percent—comes from Greek and Latin. This course explores the varied and fascinating contributions that these two languages have made to English, focusing on the basic building blocks of words—bases, prefixes, and suffixes—while also considering the many routes the Classical languages have taken to enter modern English. This course is suitable for students of science, linguistics, and literature, as well as language lovers generally. 6 credits; NE; Spring; Chico L Zimmerman
CLAS 145 Ancient Greek Religion Greek religion played a crucial role in how the ancient Greeks understood the world around them. Mythology and cosmology shaped their understanding of how the world worked, while the ritual of sacrifice formed the basis of the social fabric underpinning all aspects of Greek society. In this course we will learn about Greece's polytheistic belief system--its gods and religious rites--as well as examining how religion shaped the daily lives of ordinary Greeks, often in surprising ways. We will read the works of ancient authors such as Homer and Hesiod, study the archaeological remains of sacred sites, inscriptions, and curse tablets, as well as engage with experimental archaeology. 6 credits; HI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 214 Gender and Sexuality in Classical Antiquity In both ancient Greece and Rome, gender (along with class and citizenship status) largely determined what people did, where they spent their time, and how they related to others. This course will examine the ways in which Greek and Roman societies defined gender categories, and how they used them to think about larger social, political, and religious issues. Primary readings from Greek and Roman epic, lyric, and drama, as well as ancient historical, philosophical, and medical writers; in addition we will explore a range of secondary work on the topic from the perspectives of Classics and Gender Studies. 6 credits; HI, WR2, IS, QRE; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 215 Ancient Greek and Roman Sexuality In this course we will question whether or not the ancient Greeks and Romans defined “sexuality” by object-choice, whether they understood sexuality as an integral component of one’s personal identity, and whether they had a concept of “sexuality” as we currently understand it. Emphasis will be on primary texts that demonstrate notions of sexual normativity and/or identity, such as Aristophanes’ Thesmophoriazousae, Plato’s Symposium, Aeschines’ Against Timarchos, and poetry of Sappho, Catullus, Ovid, Martial, and Juvenal. We will also read modern critical theorists (Foucault, Halperin, Richlin, Winkler), and will interrogate their arguments. 6 credits; LA, IS; Spring; Kirk W Ormand
CLAS 227 Athens, Sparta, and Persia Forged in the crucible of wars fought between cultures with diametrically opposed views on politics and society, the fifth century BC witnessed arts, philosophy, and science all flourish in thrilling new ways. The two radically different Greek states of Athens and Sparta first teamed up to defeat the invading Persian empire. While this shocking victory spurred their respective cultures to new heights, their political aspirations drove them to turn on each other and fight a series of wars over control of Greece--all the while with Persia waiting in the wings. We will study these events against the backdrop of the political, intellectual, and cultural achievements of Athens, Sparta and Persia, drawing on the rich body of literature and material culture from this period. 6 credits; HI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 227F Greek Epigraphic Texts This course will introduce students to inscriptions from the Greek poleis of the classical period, especially the Athenian tribute lists and the legal code of Gortyn. In addition to translation, we will focus on the processes of deciphering and editing original physical texts and on the problems presented by fragments. Prerequisite: Greek 103 or equivalent; Concurrent registration in Classics 227. 2 credits; NE; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 229 The Collapse of the Roman Republic The class will investigate the factors that led a Republican government that had lasted for 700 years to fall apart, leading to twenty years of civil war that only ended with the rise of a totalitarian dictatorship. We will look at the economic, social, military, and religious factors that played key roles in this dynamic political period. We will also trace the rise and influence of Roman warlords, politicians, and personalities and how they changed Roman politics and society. We will study many of the greatest characters in Roman history, as well as the lives of everyday Romans in this turbulent time. 6 credits; HI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 230 The Rise and Fall of the Great Hellenistic Kingdoms Alexander the Great united the Greek states by force before waging a ten-year campaign that brought Greek influence all the way to India. In the aftermath of Alexander's death, his generals divided the world into kingdoms. These kingdoms presided over an extraordinary flourishing of arts and science over the next 300 years. However, this period also saw these kingdoms continuously strive for domination over one another until they were ultimately dominated by the rising power of Rome. This class will explore one of the most exciting periods in ancient history, a time of great cultural achievements, larger than life characters, and devastating conflicts. 6 credits; HI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 240 Rome: From Village to Superpower This class will investigate how Rome rose from a humble village of outcasts and refugees to become the preeminent power in the entire Mediterranean. We will trace Rome's political evolution from kings to the Republic, alongside their gradual takeover of the Italian peninsula. We will study how Rome then swiftly overpowered what had been the most powerful kingdoms in the Mediterranean and established themselves as dominant. Who were these Romans and what were their political, military, religious, and social systems that enabled them to accomplish so much? What critical events shaped their development and ultimately led to total political control of the Mediterranean world? Students who previously took Classics 228 cannot take Classics 240. 6 credits; HI, IS; Winter; Jake N Morton
CLAS 267 Political Landscapes: Archaeologies of Territory and Polity We live in a world of states. Nearly every inch of the earth is clearly delineated on maps and plans, ascribed to a particular political authority. But the widespread availability of precise spatial information is relatively new in human history. This seminar examines archaeology beyond the site. How did ancient polities understand and demarcate territory? What tools can we use to understand this? We begin by examining theories of space, place, landscape, and boundaries. The second part of the course compares case studies from across the ancient world to explore archaeological approaches to territory and polity in greater detail. Prerequisite: At least one previous archaeology course, Classics 122, 123, 124 or Archeology 246; contact instructor to discuss other relevant courses. 6 credits; SI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
CLAS 295 Junior Colloquium The Colloquium is designed to introduce and consolidate the research and interpretive skills required in the highly interdisciplinary study of Classical antiquity. Meeting weekly, three two-week modules will be organized around the main areas identified in the Classics major requirements—historical analysis, literary analysis, archaeological analysis—in order to solidify skills in finding, reading/interpreting, and citing evidence and sources from, and about, the Classical world. Additionally, students will choose a Symposium theme for the following year and generate a common bibliography pertaining to the topic of the Symposium. Students will also draft a Call for Papers and identify potential Symposium respondents. 3 credits; NE; Spring; Chico L Zimmerman
CLAS 394 Senior Seminar As part of their senior capstone experience, majors in the classics department will formulate a call for papers developing the current year's theme for a colloquium, and following standard guidelines of the field produce proposals ("abstracts") for their own papers to be presented in the winter term. 3 credits; NE; Fall; Clara S Hardy
CLAS 400 Senior Symposium From proposals ("abstracts") developed in Classics 394, departmental majors will compose a twenty minute presentation to be delivered at a symposium on the model of professional conferences. The talks will then be revised into articles to be submitted to a journal of professional style, accepted and edited by the group into a presentable volume. Prerequisite: Classics 384, Classics 385, Classics 386 or Classics 387. 3 credits; S/NC; Winter

Greek Courses (GRK)

These courses all involve acquiring or using ancient Greek

GRK 101 Elementary Greek From the triceratops (“three-horned-face”) to the antarctic (“opposite-the-bear-constellation”), ancient Greek has left traces in our language, literature (epic, tragedy, comedy), ways of organizing knowledge (philosophy, history, physics), and society (democracy, oligarchy, autocracy). It gives access to original texts from ancient Greece, early Christianity, and the Byzantine Empire, not to mention modern scientific terminology. In Greek 101 students will develop knowledge of basic vocabulary and grammar, and will begin reading short passages of prose and poetry. The class will meet five days a week. 6 credits; NE; Winter; Morgan C Morton
GRK 102 Intermediate Greek Study of essential forms and grammar, with reading of original, unadapted passages. Prerequisite: Greek 101 with a grade of at least C-. 6 credits; NE; Spring; Clara S Hardy
GRK 103 Greek Prose Selected prose readings. The course will emphasize review of grammar and include Greek composition. Prerequisite: Greek 102 with a grade of at least C-. 6 credits; NE; Fall; Rob B Hardy
GRK 204 Intermediate Greek Prose and Poetry The goal for Intermediate Greek Prose and Poetry is to gain experience in the three major modes of Greek expression most often encountered “in the wild”—prose, poetry, and inscriptions—while exploring the notion of happiness and the good life. By combining all three modes into this one course, we hope both to create a suitable closure to the language sequence and to provide a reasonable foundation for further exploration of Greek literature and culture. Prerequisite: Greek 103 with a grade of at least C-. 6 credits; NE; Winter; Clara S Hardy
GRK 220 Euripides We will read Euripides’ Helen in Greek, in which the tragedian creates a plot around the non-standard version of events: Helen never went to Troy, she spent the entire war in Egypt; the Greeks and Trojans were fooled by a simulacrum. The resulting play is a tragicomedy or a romantitragedy that deliberately skews literary expectations. We will read a number of Euripides’ other extant tragedies in English, as well as critical studies that examine key issues in Euripidean criticism: the genre of tragedy, Euripides' depiction of women, and the role of rhetoric in late fifth-century Athens. Prerequisite: Greek 204 or the equivalent. 6 credits; LA, IS; Spring; Kirk W Ormand
GRK 231 Homer: The Iliad Homer is perhaps the foundational poet of the western canon, and his work has been justly admired since its emergence out of the oral tradition of bardic recitation in the eighth century BCE. This course will sample key events and passages from the Iliad, exploring the fascinating linguistic and metrical features of the epic dialect, as well as the major thematic elements of this timeless story of conflict and reconciliation during the war at Troy.  Prerequisite: Greek 204 or equivalent. 6 credits; LA; Not offered 2020-21
GRK 245 Herodotus's Histories In this course we will read and examine selections from Herodotus's Histories in Greek, as well as the whole of the work in English. We will explore questions about historiography, culture, ethnicity, ancient warfare, contact between Greece and Persia, among other issues. Prerequisite: Greek 204 or the equivalent. 6 credits; LA; Not offered 2020-21
GRK 285 Weekly Greek This course is intended for students who have completed Greek 204 (or equivalent) and wish to maintain and deepen their language skills. Students will meet weekly to review prepared passages, as well as reading at sight. Actual reading content will be determined prior to the start of term by the instructor in consultation with the students who have enrolled. There will be brief, periodic assessments of language comprehension throughout the term.  Prerequisite: Greek 204 or equivalent. 2 credits; S/CR/NC; NE; Fall, Winter; Clara S Hardy, Alex R Knodell
GRK 320 Hesiod and the Homeric Hymns Hesiod is the first Greek author to express an individual persona. He was a man from Askra -- “harsh in winter, hard in summer, never pleasant” -- yet at the same time he refers to nearby Mt. Helikon as the beautiful home of the muses who inspire his songs. His is a world of contrasts. This course will study (in Greek) Hesiod’s Theogony and Works and Days, which range widely in subject matter and message: the former describing the cosmic origins of the world; the latter a lesson in living the good life. We will also read some contemporary poetry. Prerequisite: Greek 204 or equivalent. 6 credits; LA; Not offered 2020-21
GRK 351 Aristophanes Intensive study of one or two plays in the original and of the remaining plays in translation. 6 credits; LA; Not offered 2020-21

Latin Courses (LATN)

These courses all involve acquiring or using Latin

LATN 101 Elementary Latin While many claims are made about the benefits of learning Latin, here’s what we know for sure: it’s a beautiful language, both intensely precise and rigorous, as well as poetically expressive and inviting. Spoken by millions in the ancient world and kept continuously “alive” up to the present, Latin provides a window onto an intellectual and cultural landscape that is both foreign and familiar to modern students. This beginning course will develop necessary vocabulary, forms, and grammar that allows students to begin reading short passages of unadulterated prose and poetry from the ancient Roman world right from the start. 6 credits; NE; Fall; Jake N Morton
LATN 102 Intermediate Latin Continuation of essential forms and grammar. Prerequisite: Latin 101 with a grade of at least C- or placement. 6 credits; NE; Winter; Chico L Zimmerman
LATN 103 Introduction to Latin Prose and Poetry This course completes the formal textbook introduction to the morphology and syntax of Latin. The focus will be on consolidating and applying grammatical concepts learned throughout the Latin sequence to the reading of extended selections of authentic Roman prose and poetry. Prerequisite: Latin 102 with a grade of at least C- or placement. 6 credits; NE; Spring; Jake N Morton
LATN 204 Intermediate Latin Prose and Poetry What are the “rules” of friendship? Would you do anything for a friend? Anything? The ancient Romans were no strangers to the often paradoxical demands of friendship and love. The goal for Intermediate Latin Prose and Poetry is to gain experience in the three major modes of Latin expression most often encountered “in the wild”—prose, poetry, and inscriptions—while exploring the notion of friendship. By combining all three modes into this one course, we hope both to create a suitable closure to the language sequence and to provide a reasonable foundation for further exploration of Roman literature and culture. Prerequisite: Latin 103 with a grade of at least C- or placement. 6 credits; NE; Fall; Chico L Zimmerman
LATN 233 The Catilinarian Conspiracy In 63 BC, a frustrated Roman nobleman named Catiline attempted to start a revolution to overthrow the Roman government, only to be exposed and stopped by the politician Cicero. At least, that is how Cicero depicts it, and we will read part of Cicero's speech that led to Catiline's condemnation. However, we will also read the contemporary Roman historian Sallust's magisterial account of the events which reveals a more complicated story about both Catiline and the senators' response. These are two of the greatest works in Latin literature and reading them together will allow us to investigate what really happened in 63 BC. Prerequisite: Latin 204 or equivalent. 6 credits; LA, IS; Not offered 2020-21
LATN 234 Julius Caesar: the Gallic and Civil Wars Julius Caesar spent ten years campaigning in Gaul before being called back to Rome to face a splintered Republic and protracted Civil War. Caesar wrote fascinating accounts of both these wars, going beyond tactics to include ethnography, allegories of the Roman Republic in foreign societies, and analysis of why and how the civil war erupted and who was responsible. We will read significant portions of Caesar's Gallic War and Civil War, as well as writings about Caesar by contemporaneous authors. Caesar's elegant and clear prose belies a complex explanation and justification of the collapse of the Republic. Prerequisite: Latin 204 or equivalent. 6 credits; LA, IS; Winter; Jake N Morton
LATN 235 The Bacchanalian Affair In 186 BC stories of wild and debauched secret religious rites being celebrated under cover of night sparked panic in Rome, which led to a brutal state suppression of the cult. Was this a crackdown on impious behavior or political oppression? Over the course of the term we will translate three sources of evidence to determine what actually happened: the Roman historian Livy's scintillating and outrageous account of this conspiracy; works by the Roman comedic playwright Plautus that might have shaped Livy's storytelling; and the Senatus Consultum de Bacchanalibus, a detailed inscription found in southern Italy discussing the new laws Rome passed to suppress the cult. 6 credits; HI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
LATN 243 Medieval Latin This course offers students an introduction to post-classical Latin (250-1450) through readings in prose and poetry drawn from a variety of genres and periods. Students will also gain experience with medieval Latin paleography and codicology through occasional workshops in Special Collections. Prerequisite: Latin 204 or equivalent, Latin placement exam or instructor's permission. 6 credits; LA; Not offered 2020-21
LATN 255 Biography, History, and Empire in Tacitus’ Agricola How is it possible to be a good person in a morally deficient system? Part biography, part history, part eulogy, and part invective against Roman Emperor Domitian, Tacitus’ Agricola charts the life and military accomplishments of the author’s father-in-law, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, in modern-day Britain. In conversation with other readings in English, we will engage closely with the style and language of the text in Latin as we explore the constraints and possibilities of genre, and Tacitus’ understanding of geography and ethnicity. Prerequisite: Latin 204 or equivalent. 6 credits; LA; Not offered 2020-21
LATN 257 Caesar, Lucan, and Civil War This course will examine narratives of the early stages of the Roman Civil War through contemporary prose accounts of Caesar and Cicero and the poet Lucan's Neronian epic on the Civil War. Topics will include manipulation of public opinion and memory, historical reconstruction through text, the relationship between prose history and historical epic, and the literal and metaphorical dissolution of Rome through civil war, as well as stylistic and philosophical concerns specific to each author. Prerequisite: Latin 204 or the equivalent. 6 credits; HI, IS; Not offered 2020-21
LATN 259 Seminar: Vergil Intensive study of selections from Vergil. May be offered simultaneously with Latin 359 without the supplemental assignments for advanced students. Prerequisite: Latin 204 or the equivalent. 6 credits; LA; Not offered 2020-21
LATN 285 Weekly Latin This course is intended for students who have completed Latin 204 (or equivalent) and wish to maintain and deepen their language skills. Students will meet weekly to review prepared passages, as well as reading at sight. Actual reading content will be determined prior to the start of term by the instructor in consultation with the students who have enrolled. There will be brief, periodic assessments of language comprehension throughout the term.  Prerequisite: Latin 204 or equivalent. 2 credits; S/CR/NC; NE; Fall, Spring; Chico L Zimmerman
LATN 360 Catullus and Horace: Poetry, Pleasure and Politics From the volatile background of civil war and the early years of Augustus' reign, we have two sets of Latin carmina: the vivid and passionate lyric poetry of Catullus, and Horace's quieter but equally moving odes. This course will investigate the poetic techniques of each as we consider the larger question of how a poet responds to the shifting political forces of his world. We will also sample current scholarship on each poet. Prerequisite: Latin 204 or equivalent. 6 credits; LA, IS; Not offered 2020-21